Safe-VAR: Safe Visual Autoregressive Model for Text-to-Image Generative Watermarking

With the success of autoregressive learning in large language models, it has become a dominant approach for text-to-image generation, offering high efficiency and visual quality. However, invisible watermarking for visual autoregressive (VAR) models remains underexplored, despite its importance in misuse prevention. Existing watermarking methods, designed for diffusion models, often struggle to adapt to the sequential nature of VAR models. To bridge this gap, we propose Safe-VAR, the first watermarking framework specifically designed for autoregressive text-to-image generation. Our study reveals that the timing of watermark injection significantly impacts generation quality, and watermarks of different complexities exhibit varying optimal injection times. Motivated by this observation, we propose an Adaptive Scale Interaction Module, which dynamically determines the optimal watermark embedding strategy based on the watermark information and the visual characteristics of the generated image. This ensures watermark robustness while minimizing its impact on image quality. Furthermore, we introduce a Cross-Scale Fusion mechanism, which integrates mixture of both heads and experts to effectively fuse multi-resolution features and handle complex interactions between image content and watermark patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that Safe-VAR achieves state-of-the-art performance, significantly surpassing existing counterparts regarding image quality, watermarking fidelity, and robustness against perturbations. Moreover, our method exhibits strong generalization to an out-of-domain watermark dataset QR Codes.

Inter3D: A Benchmark and Strong Baseline for Human-Interactive 3D Object Reconstruction

Recent advancements in implicit 3D reconstruction methods, e.g., neural rendering fields and Gaussian splatting, have primarily focused on novel view synthesis of static or dynamic objects with continuous motion states. However, these approaches struggle to efficiently model a human-interactive object with n movable parts, requiring 2^n separate models to represent all discrete states. To overcome this limitation, we propose Inter3D, a new benchmark and approach for novel state synthesis of human-interactive objects. We introduce a self-collected dataset featuring commonly encountered interactive objects and a new evaluation pipeline, where only individual part states are observed during training, while part combination states remain unseen. We also propose a strong baseline approach that leverages Space Discrepancy Tensors to efficiently modelling all states of an object. To alleviate the impractical constraints on camera trajectories across training states, we propose a Mutual State Regularization mechanism to enhance the spatial density consistency of movable parts. In addition, we explore two occupancy grid sampling strategies to facilitate training efficiency. We conduct extensive experiments on the proposed benchmark, showcasing the challenges of the task and the superiority of our approach.

Detail-Preserving Latent Diffusion for Stable Shadow Removal

Achieving high-quality shadow removal with strong generalizability is challenging in scenes with complex global illumination. Due to the limited diversity in shadow removal datasets, current methods are prone to overfitting training data, often leading to reduced performance on unseen cases. To address this, we leverage the rich visual priors of a pre-trained Stable Diffusion (SD) model and propose a two-stage fine-tuning pipeline to adapt the SD model for stable and efficient shadow removal. In the first stage, we fix the VAE and fine-tune the denoiser in latent space, which yields substantial shadow removal but may lose some high-frequency details. To resolve this, we introduce a second stage, called the detail injection stage. This stage selectively extracts features from the VAE encoder to modulate the decoder, injecting fine details into the final results. Experimental results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art shadow removal techniques. The cross-dataset evaluation further demonstrates that our method generalizes effectively to unseen data, enhancing the applicability of shadow removal methods.

Prediction-Enhanced Monte Carlo: A Machine Learning View on Control Variate

Despite being an essential tool across engineering and finance, Monte Carlo simulation can be computationally intensive, especially in large-scale, path-dependent problems that hinder straightforward parallelization. A natural alternative is to replace simulation with machine learning or surrogate prediction, though this introduces challenges in understanding the resulting errors.We introduce a Prediction-Enhanced Monte Carlo (PEMC) framework where we leverage machine learning prediction as control variates, thus maintaining unbiased evaluations instead of the direct use of ML predictors. Traditional control variate methods require knowledge of means and focus on per-sample variance reduction. In contrast, PEMC aims at overall cost-aware variance reduction, eliminating the need for mean knowledge. PEMC leverages pre-trained neural architectures to construct effective control variates and replaces computationally expensive sample-path generation with efficient neural network evaluations. This allows PEMC to address scenarios where no good control variates are known. We showcase the efficacy of PEMC through two production-grade exotic option-pricing problems: swaption pricing in HJM model and the variance swap pricing in a stochastic local volatility model.

Hierarchical Search-Based Cooperative Motion Planning

Cooperative path planning, a crucial aspect of multi-agent systems research, serves a variety of sectors, including military, agriculture, and industry. Many existing algorithms, however, come with certain limitations, such as simplified kinematic models and inadequate support for multiple group scenarios. Focusing on the planning problem associated with a nonholonomic Ackermann model for Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV), we propose a leaderless, hierarchical Search-Based Cooperative Motion Planning (SCMP) method. The high-level utilizes a binary conflict search tree to minimize runtime, while the low-level fabricates kinematically feasible, collision-free paths that are shape-constrained. Our algorithm can adapt to scenarios featuring multiple groups with different shapes, outlier agents, and elaborate obstacles. We conduct algorithm comparisons, performance testing, simulation, and real-world testing, verifying the effectiveness and applicability of our algorithm. The implementation of our method will be open-sourced at https://github.com/WYCUniverStar/SCMP.

OmniSR: Shadow Removal under Direct and Indirect Lighting

Shadows can originate from occlusions in both direct and indirect illumination. Although most current shadow removal research focuses on shadows caused by direct illumination, shadows from indirect illumination are often just as pervasive, particularly in indoor scenes. A significant challenge in removing shadows from indirect illumination is obtaining shadow-free images to train the shadow removal network. To overcome this challenge, we propose a novel rendering pipeline for generating shadowed and shadow-free images under direct and indirect illumination, and create a comprehensive synthetic dataset that contains over 30,000 image pairs, covering various object types and lighting conditions. We also propose an innovative shadow removal network that explicitly integrates semantic and geometric priors through concatenation and attention mechanisms. The experiments show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art shadow removal techniques and can effectively generalize to indoor and outdoor scenes under various lighting conditions, enhancing the overall effectiveness and applicability of shadow removal methods.

Multi-robot Task Allocation and Path Planning with Maximum Range Constraints

This letter presents a novel multi-robot task allocation and path planning method that considers robots' maximum range constraints in large-sized workspaces, enabling robots to complete the assigned tasks within their range limits. Firstly, we developed a fast path planner to solve global paths efficiently. Subsequently, we propose an innovative auction-based approach that integrates our path planner into the auction phase for reward computation while considering the robots' range limits. This method accounts for extra obstacle-avoiding travel distances rather than ideal straight-line distances, resolving the coupling between task allocation and path planning. Additionally, to avoid redundant computations during iterations, we implemented a lazy auction strategy to speed up the convergence of the task allocation. Finally, we validated the proposed method's effectiveness and application potential through extensive simulation and real-world experiments. The implementation code for our method will be available at https://github.com/wuuya1/RangeTAP.

Tackling Noisy Clients in Federated Learning with End-to-end Label Correction

Recently, federated learning (FL) has achieved wide successes for diverse privacy-sensitive applications without sacrificing the sensitive private information of clients. However, the data quality of client datasets can not be guaranteed since corresponding annotations of different clients often contain complex label noise of varying degrees, which inevitably causes the performance degradation. Intuitively, the performance degradation is dominated by clients with higher noise rates since their trained models contain more misinformation from data, thus it is necessary to devise an effective optimization scheme to mitigate the negative impacts of these noisy clients. In this work, we propose a two-stage framework FedELC to tackle this complicated label noise issue. The first stage aims to guide the detection of noisy clients with higher label noise, while the second stage aims to correct the labels of noisy clients' data via an end-to-end label correction framework which is achieved by learning possible ground-truth labels of noisy clients' datasets via back propagation. We implement sixteen related methods and evaluate five datasets with three types of complicated label noise scenarios for a comprehensive comparison. Extensive experimental results demonstrate our proposed framework achieves superior performance than its counterparts for different scenarios. Additionally, we effectively improve the data quality of detected noisy clients' local datasets with our label correction framework. The code is available at https://github.com/Sprinter1999/FedELC.

CAMEL2: Enhancing weakly supervised learning for histopathology images by incorporating the significance ratio

Histopathology image analysis plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis. However, training a clinically applicable segmentation algorithm requires pathologists to engage in labour-intensive labelling. In contrast, weakly supervised learning methods, which only require coarse-grained labels at the image level, can significantly reduce the labeling efforts. Unfortunately, while these methods perform reasonably well in slide-level prediction, their ability to locate cancerous regions, which is essential for many clinical applications, remains unsatisfactory. Previously, we proposed CAMEL, which achieves comparable results to those of fully supervised baselines in pixel-level segmentation. However, CAMEL requires 1,280x1,280 image-level binary annotations for positive WSIs. Here, we present CAMEL2, by introducing a threshold of the cancerous ratio for positive bags, it allows us to better utilize the information, consequently enabling us to scale up the image-level setting from 1,280x1,280 to 5,120x5,120 while maintaining the accuracy. Our results with various datasets, demonstrate that CAMEL2, with the help of 5,120x5,120 image-level binary annotations, which are easy to annotate, achieves comparable performance to that of a fully supervised baseline in both instance- and slide-level classifications.

Semantic-aware Generation of Multi-view Portrait Drawings

Neural radiance fields (NeRF) based methods have shown amazing performance in synthesizing 3D-consistent photographic images, but fail to generate multi-view portrait drawings. The key is that the basic assumption of these methods -- a surface point is consistent when rendered from different views -- doesn't hold for drawings. In a portrait drawing, the appearance of a facial point may changes when viewed from different angles. Besides, portrait drawings usually present little 3D information and suffer from insufficient training data. To combat this challenge, in this paper, we propose a Semantic-Aware GEnerator (SAGE) for synthesizing multi-view portrait drawings. Our motivation is that facial semantic labels are view-consistent and correlate with drawing techniques. We therefore propose to collaboratively synthesize multi-view semantic maps and the corresponding portrait drawings. To facilitate training, we design a semantic-aware domain translator, which generates portrait drawings based on features of photographic faces. In addition, use data augmentation via synthesis to mitigate collapsed results. We apply SAGE to synthesize multi-view portrait drawings in diverse artistic styles. Experimental results show that SAGE achieves significantly superior or highly competitive performance, compared to existing 3D-aware image synthesis methods. The codes are available at https://github.com/AiArt-HDU/SAGE.