Hoi2Anomaly: An Explainable Anomaly Detection Approach Guided by Human-Object Interaction

In the domain of Image Anomaly Detection (IAD), Existing methods frequently exhibit a paucity of fine-grained, interpretable semantic information, resulting in the detection of anomalous entities or activities that are susceptible to machine illusions. This deficiency often leads to the detection of anomalous entities or actions that are susceptible to machine illusions and lack sufficient explanation. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach to anomaly detection, termed Hoi2Anomaly, which aims to achieve precise discrimination and localization of anomalies. The proposed methodology involves the construction of a multi-modal instruction tuning dataset comprising human-object interaction (HOI) pairs in anomalous scenarios. Second, we have trained an HOI extractor in threat scenarios to localize and match anomalous actions and entities. Finally, explanatory content is generated for the detected anomalous HOI by fine-tuning the visual language pretraining (VLP) framework. The experimental results demonstrate that Hoi2Anomaly surpasses existing generative approaches in terms of precision and explainability. We will release Hoi2Anomaly for the advancement of the field of anomaly detection.

Motion-Coupled Mapping Algorithm for Hybrid Rice Canopy

This paper presents a motion-coupled mapping algorithm for contour mapping of hybrid rice canopies, specifically designed for Agricultural Unmanned Ground Vehicles (Agri-UGV) navigating complex and unknown rice fields. Precise canopy mapping is essential for Agri-UGVs to plan efficient routes and avoid protected zones. The motion control of Agri-UGVs, tasked with impurity removal and other operations, depends heavily on accurate estimation of rice canopy height and structure. To achieve this, the proposed algorithm integrates real-time RGB-D sensor data with kinematic and inertial measurements, enabling efficient mapping and proprioceptive localization. The algorithm produces grid-based elevation maps that reflect the probabilistic distribution of canopy contours, accounting for motion-induced uncertainties. It is implemented on a high-clearance Agri-UGV platform and tested in various environments, including both controlled and dynamic rice field settings. This approach significantly enhances the mapping accuracy and operational reliability of Agri-UGVs, contributing to more efficient autonomous agricultural operations.

S$^2$R: Teaching LLMs to Self-verify and Self-correct via Reinforcement Learning

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of LLM test-time scaling. However, existing approaches to incentivize LLMs' deep thinking abilities generally require large-scale data or significant training efforts. Meanwhile, it remains unclear how to improve the thinking abilities of less powerful base models. In this work, we introduce S$^2$R, an efficient framework that enhances LLM reasoning by teaching models to self-verify and self-correct during inference. Specifically, we first initialize LLMs with iterative self-verification and self-correction behaviors through supervised fine-tuning on carefully curated data. The self-verification and self-correction skills are then further strengthened by both outcome-level and process-level reinforcement learning, with minimized resource requirements, enabling the model to adaptively refine its reasoning process during inference. Our results demonstrate that, with only 3.1k self-verifying and self-correcting behavior initialization samples, Qwen2.5-math-7B achieves an accuracy improvement from 51.0\% to 81.6\%, outperforming models trained on an equivalent amount of long-CoT distilled data. Extensive experiments and analysis based on three base models across both in-domain and out-of-domain benchmarks validate the effectiveness of S$^2$R. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/NineAbyss/S2R.

MakeAnything: Harnessing Diffusion Transformers for Multi-Domain Procedural Sequence Generation

A hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to create complex artifacts through structured multi-step processes. Generating procedural tutorials with AI is a longstanding but challenging goal, facing three key obstacles: (1) scarcity of multi-task procedural datasets, (2) maintaining logical continuity and visual consistency between steps, and (3) generalizing across multiple domains. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-domain dataset covering 21 tasks with over 24,000 procedural sequences. Building upon this foundation, we introduce MakeAnything, a framework based on the diffusion transformer (DIT), which leverages fine-tuning to activate the in-context capabilities of DIT for generating consistent procedural sequences. We introduce asymmetric low-rank adaptation (LoRA) for image generation, which balances generalization capabilities and task-specific performance by freezing encoder parameters while adaptively tuning decoder layers. Additionally, our ReCraft model enables image-to-process generation through spatiotemporal consistency constraints, allowing static images to be decomposed into plausible creation sequences. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MakeAnything surpasses existing methods, setting new performance benchmarks for procedural generation tasks.

MusicEval: A Generative Music Corpus with Expert Ratings for Automatic Text-to-Music Evaluation

The technology for generating music from textual descriptions has seen rapid advancements. However, evaluating text-to-music (TTM) systems remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the difficulty of balancing performance and cost with existing objective and subjective evaluation methods. In this paper, we propose an automatic assessment task for TTM models to align with human perception. To address the TTM evaluation challenges posed by the professional requirements of music evaluation and the complexity of the relationship between text and music, we collect MusicEval, the first generative music assessment dataset. This dataset contains 2,748 music clips generated by 31 advanced and widely used models in response to 384 text prompts, along with 13,740 ratings from 14 music experts. Furthermore, we design a CLAP-based assessment model built on this dataset, and our experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed task, providing a valuable reference for future development in TTM evaluation. The dataset is available at https://www.aishelltech.com/AISHELL_7A.

LUT-DLA: Lookup Table as Efficient Extreme Low-Bit Deep Learning Accelerator

The emergence of neural network capabilities invariably leads to a significant surge in computational demands due to expanding model sizes and increased computational complexity. To reduce model size and lower inference costs, recent research has focused on simplifying models and designing hardware accelerators using low-bit quantization. However, due to numerical representation limits, scalar quantization cannot reduce bit width lower than 1-bit, diminishing its benefits. To break through these limitations, we introduce LUT-DLA, a Look-Up Table (LUT) Deep Learning Accelerator Framework that utilizes vector quantization to convert neural network models into LUTs, achieving extreme low-bit quantization. The LUT-DLA framework facilitates efficient and cost-effective hardware accelerator designs and supports the LUTBoost algorithm, which helps to transform various DNN models into LUT-based models via multistage training, drastically cutting both computational and hardware overhead. Additionally, through co-design space exploration, LUT-DLA assesses the impact of various model and hardware parameters to fine-tune hardware configurations for different application scenarios, optimizing performance and efficiency. Our comprehensive experiments show that LUT-DLA achieves improvements in power efficiency and area efficiency with gains of $1.4$~$7.0\times$ and $1.5$~$146.1\times$, respectively, while maintaining only a modest accuracy drop. For CNNs, accuracy decreases by $0.1\%$~$3.1\%$ using the $L_2$ distance similarity, $0.1\%$~$3.4\%$ with the $L_1$ distance similarity, and $0.1\%$~$3.8\%$ when employing the Chebyshev distance similarity. For transformer-based models, the accuracy drop ranges from $1.4\%$ to $3.0\%$.

Graph Coarsening via Supervised Granular-Ball for Scalable Graph Neural Network Training

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated significant achievements in processing graph data, yet scalability remains a substantial challenge. To address this, numerous graph coarsening methods have been developed. However, most existing coarsening methods are training-dependent, leading to lower efficiency, and they all require a predefined coarsening rate, lacking an adaptive approach. In this paper, we employ granular-ball computing to effectively compress graph data. We construct a coarsened graph network by iteratively splitting the graph into granular-balls based on a purity threshold and using these granular-balls as super vertices. This granulation process significantly reduces the size of the original graph, thereby greatly enhancing the training efficiency and scalability of GNNs. Additionally, our algorithm can adaptively perform splitting without requiring a predefined coarsening rate. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves accuracy comparable to training on the original graph. Noise injection experiments further indicate that our method exhibits robust performance. Moreover, our approach can reduce the graph size by up to 20 times without compromising test accuracy, substantially enhancing the scalability of GNNs.

Enabling Energy-Efficient Deployment of Large Language Models on Memristor Crossbar: A Synergy of Large and Small

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered substantial attention due to their promising applications in diverse domains. Nevertheless, the increasing size of LLMs comes with a significant surge in the computational requirements for training and deployment. Memristor crossbars have emerged as a promising solution, which demonstrated a small footprint and remarkably high energy efficiency in computer vision (CV) models. Memristors possess higher density compared to conventional memory technologies, making them highly suitable for effectively managing the extreme model size associated with LLMs. However, deploying LLMs on memristor crossbars faces three major challenges. Firstly, the size of LLMs increases rapidly, already surpassing the capabilities of state-of-the-art memristor chips. Secondly, LLMs often incorporate multi-head attention blocks, which involve non-weight stationary multiplications that traditional memristor crossbars cannot support. Third, while memristor crossbars excel at performing linear operations, they are not capable of executing complex nonlinear operations in LLM such as softmax and layer normalization. To address these challenges, we present a novel architecture for the memristor crossbar that enables the deployment of state-of-the-art LLM on a single chip or package, eliminating the energy and time inefficiencies associated with off-chip communication. Our testing on BERT_Large showed negligible accuracy loss. Compared to traditional memristor crossbars, our architecture achieves enhancements of up to 39X in area overhead and 18X in energy consumption. Compared to modern TPU/GPU systems, our architecture demonstrates at least a 68X reduction in the area-delay product and a significant 69% energy consumption reduction.

Human Stone Toolmaking Action Grammar (HSTAG): A Challenging Benchmark for Fine-grained Motor Behavior Recognition

Action recognition has witnessed the development of a growing number of novel algorithms and datasets in the past decade. However, the majority of public benchmarks were constructed around activities of daily living and annotated at a rather coarse-grained level, which lacks diversity in domain-specific datasets, especially for rarely seen domains. In this paper, we introduced Human Stone Toolmaking Action Grammar (HSTAG), a meticulously annotated video dataset showcasing previously undocumented stone toolmaking behaviors, which can be used for investigating the applications of advanced artificial intelligence techniques in understanding a rapid succession of complex interactions between two hand-held objects. HSTAG consists of 18,739 video clips that record 4.5 hours of experts' activities in stone toolmaking. Its unique features include (i) brief action durations and frequent transitions, mirroring the rapid changes inherent in many motor behaviors; (ii) multiple angles of view and switches among multiple tools, increasing intra-class variability; (iii) unbalanced class distributions and high similarity among different action sequences, adding difficulty in capturing distinct patterns for each action. Several mainstream action recognition models are used to conduct experimental analysis, which showcases the challenges and uniqueness of HSTAG https://nyu.databrary.org/volume/1697.

Ordering-Based Causal Discovery for Linear and Nonlinear Relations

Identifying causal relations from purely observational data typically requires additional assumptions on relations and/or noise. Most current methods restrict their analysis to datasets that are assumed to have pure linear or nonlinear relations, which is often not reflective of real-world datasets that contain a combination of both. This paper presents CaPS, an ordering-based causal discovery algorithm that effectively handles linear and nonlinear relations. CaPS introduces a novel identification criterion for topological ordering and incorporates the concept of "parent score" during the post-processing optimization stage. These scores quantify the strength of the average causal effect, helping to accelerate the pruning process and correct inaccurate predictions in the pruning step. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed solutions outperform state-of-the-art baselines on synthetic data with varying ratios of linear and nonlinear relations. The results obtained from real-world data also support the competitiveness of CaPS. Code and datasets are available at https://github.com/E2real/CaPS.