Overview of AI-Debater 2023: The Challenges of Argument Generation Tasks

In this paper we present the results of the AI-Debater 2023 Challenge held by the Chinese Conference on Affect Computing (CCAC 2023), and introduce the related datasets. We organize two tracks to handle the argumentative generation tasks in different scenarios, namely, Counter-Argument Generation (Track 1) and Claim-based Argument Generation (Track 2). Each track is equipped with its distinct dataset and baseline model respectively. In total, 32 competing teams register for the challenge, from which we received 11 successful submissions. In this paper, we will present the results of the challenge and a summary of the systems, highlighting commonalities and innovations among participating systems. Datasets and baseline models of the AI-Debater 2023 Challenge have been already released and can be accessed through the official website of the challenge.

Joint Port Selection and Beamforming Design for Fluid Antenna Assisted Integrated Data and Energy Transfer

Integrated data and energy transfer (IDET) has been of fundamental importance for providing both wireless data transfer (WDT) and wireless energy transfer (WET) services towards low-power devices. Fluid antenna (FA) is capable of exploiting the huge spatial diversity of the wireless channel to enhance the receive signal strength, which is more suitable for the tiny-size low-power devices having the IDET requirements. In this letter, a multiuser FA assisted IDET system is studied and the weighted energy harvesting power at energy receivers (ERs) is maximized by jointly optimizing the port selection and transmit beamforming design under imperfect channel state information (CSI), while the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraint for each data receiver (DR) is satisfied. An efficient algorithm is proposed to obtain the suboptimal solutions for the non-convex problem. Simulation results evaluate the performance of the FA-IDET system, while also demonstrate that FA outperforms the multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) counterpart in terms of the IDET performance, as long as the port number is large enough.

Fradulent User Detection Via Behavior Information Aggregation Network (BIAN) On Large-Scale Financial Social Network

Financial frauds cause billions of losses annually and yet it lacks efficient approaches in detecting frauds considering user profile and their behaviors simultaneously in social network . A social network forms a graph structure whilst Graph neural networks (GNN), a promising research domain in Deep Learning, can seamlessly process non-Euclidean graph data . In financial fraud detection, the modus operandi of criminals can be identified by analyzing user profile and their behaviors such as transaction, loaning etc. as well as their social connectivity. Currently, most GNNs are incapable of selecting important neighbors since the neighbors' edge attributes (i.e., behaviors) are ignored. In this paper, we propose a novel behavior information aggregation network (BIAN) to combine the user behaviors with other user features. Different from its close "relatives" such as Graph Attention Networks (GAT) and Graph Transformer Networks (GTN), it aggregates neighbors based on neighboring edge attribute distribution, namely, user behaviors in financial social network. The experimental results on a real-world large-scale financial social network dataset, DGraph, show that BIAN obtains the 10.2% gain in AUROC comparing with the State-Of-The-Art models.

Frequency-Aware Contrastive Learning for Neural Machine Translation

Low-frequency word prediction remains a challenge in modern neural machine translation (NMT) systems. Recent adaptive training methods promote the output of infrequent words by emphasizing their weights in the overall training objectives. Despite the improved recall of low-frequency words, their prediction precision is unexpectedly hindered by the adaptive objectives. Inspired by the observation that low-frequency words form a more compact embedding space, we tackle this challenge from a representation learning perspective. Specifically, we propose a frequency-aware token-level contrastive learning method, in which the hidden state of each decoding step is pushed away from the counterparts of other target words, in a soft contrastive way based on the corresponding word frequencies. We conduct experiments on widely used NIST Chinese-English and WMT14 English-German translation tasks. Empirical results show that our proposed methods can not only significantly improve the translation quality but also enhance lexical diversity and optimize word representation space. Further investigation reveals that, comparing with related adaptive training strategies, the superiority of our method on low-frequency word prediction lies in the robustness of token-level recall across different frequencies without sacrificing precision.

Towards On-Device Federated Learning: A Direct Acyclic Graph-based Blockchain Approach

Due to the distributed characteristics of Federated Learning (FL), the vulnerability of global model and coordination of devices are the main obstacle. As a promising solution of decentralization, scalability and security, leveraging blockchain in FL has attracted much attention in recent years. However, the traditional consensus mechanisms designed for blockchain like Proof of Work (PoW) would cause extreme resource consumption, which reduces the efficiency of FL greatly, especially when the participating devices are wireless and resource-limited. In order to address device asynchrony and anomaly detection in FL while avoiding the extra resource consumption caused by blockchain, this paper introduces a framework for empowering FL using Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based blockchain systematically (DAG-FL). Accordingly, DAG-FL is first introduced from a three-layer architecture in details, and then two algorithms DAG-FL Controlling and DAG-FL Updating are designed running on different nodes to elaborate the operation of DAG-FL consensus mechanism. After that, a Poisson process model is formulated to discuss that how to set deployment parameters to maintain DAG-FL stably in different federated learning tasks. The extensive simulations and experiments show that DAG-FL can achieve better performance in terms of training efficiency and model accuracy compared with the typical existing on-device federated learning systems as the benchmarks.

A Noise-Sensitivity-Analysis-Based Test Prioritization Technique for Deep Neural Networks

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely used in the fields such as natural language processing, computer vision and image recognition. But several studies have been shown that deep neural networks can be easily fooled by artificial examples with some perturbations, which are widely known as adversarial examples. Adversarial examples can be used to attack deep neural networks or to improve the robustness of deep neural networks. A common way of generating adversarial examples is to first generate some noises and then add them into original examples. In practice, different examples have different noise-sensitive. To generate an effective adversarial example, it may be necessary to add a lot of noise to low noise-sensitive example, which may make the adversarial example meaningless. In this paper, we propose a noise-sensitivity-analysis-based test prioritization technique to pick out examples by their noise sensitivity. We construct an experiment to validate our approach on four image sets and two DNN models, which shows that examples are sensitive to noise and our method can effectively pick out examples by their noise sensitivity.