RMDM: Radio Map Diffusion Model with Physics Informed

With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the efficient utilization of spectrum resources, optimization of communication quality, and intelligent communication have become critical. Radio map reconstruction is essential for enabling advanced applications, yet challenges such as complex signal propagation and sparse data hinder accurate reconstruction. To address these issues, we propose the **Radio Map Diffusion Model (RMDM)**, a physics-informed framework that integrates **Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs)** to incorporate constraints like the **Helmholtz equation**. RMDM employs a dual U-Net architecture: the first ensures physical consistency by minimizing PDE residuals, boundary conditions, and source constraints, while the second refines predictions via diffusion-based denoising. By leveraging physical laws, RMDM significantly enhances accuracy, robustness, and generalization. Experiments demonstrate that RMDM outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving **NMSE of 0.0031** and **RMSE of 0.0125** under the Static RM (SRM) setting, and **NMSE of 0.0047** and **RMSE of 0.0146** under the Dynamic RM (DRM) setting. These results establish a novel paradigm for integrating physics-informed and data-driven approaches in radio map reconstruction, particularly under sparse data conditions.

Free-T2M: Frequency Enhanced Text-to-Motion Diffusion Model With Consistency Loss

Rapid progress in text-to-motion generation has been largely driven by diffusion models. However, existing methods focus solely on temporal modeling, thereby overlooking frequency-domain analysis. We identify two key phases in motion denoising: the **semantic planning stage** and the **fine-grained improving stage**. To address these phases effectively, we propose **Fre**quency **e**nhanced **t**ext-**to**-**m**otion diffusion model (**Free-T2M**), incorporating stage-specific consistency losses that enhance the robustness of static features and improve fine-grained accuracy. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Specifically, on StableMoFusion, our method reduces the FID from **0.189** to **0.051**, establishing a new SOTA performance within the diffusion architecture. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating frequency-domain insights into text-to-motion generation for more precise and robust results.

RadarNeXt: Real-Time and Reliable 3D Object Detector Based On 4D mmWave Imaging Radar

3D object detection is crucial for Autonomous Driving (AD) and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). However, most 3D detectors prioritize detection accuracy, often overlooking network inference speed in practical applications. In this paper, we propose RadarNeXt, a real-time and reliable 3D object detector based on the 4D mmWave radar point clouds. It leverages the re-parameterizable neural networks to catch multi-scale features, reduce memory cost and accelerate the inference. Moreover, to highlight the irregular foreground features of radar point clouds and suppress background clutter, we propose a Multi-path Deformable Foreground Enhancement Network (MDFEN), ensuring detection accuracy while minimizing the sacrifice of speed and excessive number of parameters. Experimental results on View-of-Delft and TJ4DRadSet datasets validate the exceptional performance and efficiency of RadarNeXt, achieving 50.48 and 32.30 mAPs with the variant using our proposed MDFEN. Notably, our RadarNeXt variants achieve inference speeds of over 67.10 FPS on the RTX A4000 GPU and 28.40 FPS on the Jetson AGX Orin. This research demonstrates that RadarNeXt brings a novel and effective paradigm for 3D perception based on 4D mmWave radar.

SegACIL: Solving the Stability-Plasticity Dilemma in Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentation

While deep learning has made remarkable progress in recent years, models continue to struggle with catastrophic forgetting when processing continuously incoming data. This issue is particularly critical in continual learning, where the balance between retaining prior knowledge and adapting to new information-known as the stability-plasticity dilemma-remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose SegACIL, a novel continual learning method for semantic segmentation based on a linear closed-form solution. Unlike traditional methods that require multiple epochs for training, SegACIL only requires a single epoch, significantly reducing computational costs. Furthermore, we provide a theoretical analysis demonstrating that SegACIL achieves performance on par with joint learning, effectively retaining knowledge from previous data which makes it to keep both stability and plasticity at the same time. Extensive experiments on the Pascal VOC2012 dataset show that SegACIL achieves superior performance in the sequential, disjoint, and overlap settings, offering a robust solution to the challenges of class-incremental semantic segmentation. Code is available at https://github.com/qwrawq/SegACIL.

Guarding the Gate: ConceptGuard Battles Concept-Level Backdoors in Concept Bottleneck Models

The increasing complexity of AI models, especially in deep learning, has raised concerns about transparency and accountability, particularly in high-stakes applications like medical diagnostics, where opaque models can undermine trust. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to address these issues by providing clear, interpretable models. Among XAI techniques, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enhance transparency by using high-level semantic concepts. However, CBMs are vulnerable to concept-level backdoor attacks, which inject hidden triggers into these concepts, leading to undetectable anomalous behavior. To address this critical security gap, we introduce ConceptGuard, a novel defense framework specifically designed to protect CBMs from concept-level backdoor attacks. ConceptGuard employs a multi-stage approach, including concept clustering based on text distance measurements and a voting mechanism among classifiers trained on different concept subgroups, to isolate and mitigate potential triggers. Our contributions are threefold: (i) we present ConceptGuard as the first defense mechanism tailored for concept-level backdoor attacks in CBMs; (ii) we provide theoretical guarantees that ConceptGuard can effectively defend against such attacks within a certain trigger size threshold, ensuring robustness; and (iii) we demonstrate that ConceptGuard maintains the high performance and interpretability of CBMs, crucial for trustworthiness. Through comprehensive experiments and theoretical proofs, we show that ConceptGuard significantly enhances the security and trustworthiness of CBMs, paving the way for their secure deployment in critical applications.

Learning New Concepts, Remembering the Old: A Novel Continual Learning

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enhance model interpretability by introducing human-understandable concepts within the architecture. However, existing CBMs assume static datasets, limiting their ability to adapt to real-world, continuously evolving data streams. To address this, we define a novel concept-incremental and class-incremental continual learning task for CBMs, enabling models to accumulate new concepts and classes over time while retaining previously learned knowledge. To achieve this, we propose CONceptual Continual Incremental Learning (CONCIL), a framework that prevents catastrophic forgetting by reformulating concept and decision layer updates as linear regression problems, thus eliminating the need for gradient-based updates. CONCIL requires only recursive matrix operations, making it computationally efficient and suitable for real-time and large-scale data applications. Experimental results demonstrate that CONCIL achieves "absolute knowledge memory" and outperforms traditional CBM methods in concept- and class-incremental settings, establishing a new benchmark for continual learning in CBMs.

DRIVE: Dual-Robustness via Information Variability and Entropic Consistency in Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Adapting machine learning models to new domains without labeled data, especially when source data is inaccessible, is a critical challenge in applications like medical imaging, autonomous driving, and remote sensing. This task, known as Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (SFUDA), involves adapting a pre-trained model to a target domain using only unlabeled target data, which can lead to issues such as overfitting, underfitting, and poor generalization due to domain discrepancies and noise. Existing SFUDA methods often rely on single-model architectures, struggling with uncertainty and variability in the target domain. To address these challenges, we propose DRIVE (Dual-Robustness through Information Variability and Entropy), a novel SFUDA framework leveraging a dual-model architecture. The two models, initialized with identical weights, work in parallel to capture diverse target domain characteristics. One model is exposed to perturbations via projection gradient descent (PGD) guided by mutual information, focusing on high-uncertainty regions. We also introduce an entropy-aware pseudo-labeling strategy that adjusts label weights based on prediction uncertainty, ensuring the model focuses on reliable data while avoiding noisy regions. The adaptation process has two stages: the first aligns the models on stable features using a mutual information consistency loss, and the second dynamically adjusts the perturbation level based on the loss from the first stage, encouraging the model to explore a broader range of the target domain while preserving existing performance. This enhances generalization capabilities and robustness against interference. Evaluations on standard SFUDA benchmarks show that DRIVE consistently outperforms previous methods, delivering improved adaptation accuracy and stability across complex target domains.

Maintaining Informative Coherence: Migrating Hallucinations in Large Language Models via Absorbing Markov Chains

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools for text generation, translation, and summarization, but they often suffer from hallucinations-instances where they fail to maintain the fidelity and coherence of contextual information during decoding, sometimes overlooking critical details due to their sampling strategies and inherent biases from training data and fine-tuning discrepancies. These hallucinations can propagate through the web, affecting the trustworthiness of information disseminated online. To address this issue, we propose a novel decoding strategy that leverages absorbing Markov chains to quantify the significance of contextual information and measure the extent of information loss during generation. By considering all possible paths from the first to the last token, our approach enhances the reliability of model outputs without requiring additional training or external data. Evaluations on datasets including TruthfulQA, FACTOR, and HaluEval highlight the superior performance of our method in mitigating hallucinations, underscoring the necessity of ensuring accurate information flow in web-based applications.

radarODE-MTL: A Multi-Task Learning Framework with Eccentric Gradient Alignment for Robust Radar-Based ECG Reconstruction

Millimeter-wave radar is promising to provide robust and accurate vital sign monitoring in an unobtrusive manner. However, the radar signal might be distorted in propagation by ambient noise or random body movement, ruining the subtle cardiac activities and destroying the vital sign recovery. In particular, the recovery of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal heavily relies on the deep-learning model and is sensitive to noise. Therefore, this work creatively deconstructs the radar-based ECG recovery into three individual tasks and proposes a multi-task learning (MTL) framework, radarODE-MTL, to increase the robustness against consistent and abrupt noises. In addition, to alleviate the potential conflicts in optimizing individual tasks, a novel multi-task optimization strategy, eccentric gradient alignment (EGA), is proposed to dynamically trim the task-specific gradients based on task difficulties in orthogonal space. The proposed radarODE-MTL with EGA is evaluated on the public dataset with prominent improvements in accuracy, and the performance remains consistent under noises. The experimental results indicate that radarODE-MTL could reconstruct accurate ECG signals robustly from radar signals and imply the application prospect in real-life situations. The code is available at: http://github.com/ZYY0844/radarODE-MTL.

Wolf2Pack: The AutoFusion Framework for Dynamic Parameter Fusion

In the rapidly evolving field of deep learning, specialized models have driven significant advancements in tasks such as computer vision and natural language processing. However, this specialization leads to a fragmented ecosystem where models lack the adaptability for broader applications. To overcome this, we introduce AutoFusion, an innovative framework that fuses distinct model parameters(with the same architecture) for multi-task learning without pre-trained checkpoints. Using an unsupervised, end-to-end approach, AutoFusion dynamically permutes model parameters at each layer, optimizing the combination through a loss-minimization process that does not require labeled data. We validate AutoFusion's effectiveness through experiments on commonly used benchmark datasets, demonstrating superior performance over established methods like Weight Interpolation, Git Re-Basin, and ZipIt. Our framework offers a scalable and flexible solution for model integration, positioning it as a powerful tool for future research and practical applications.