Towards Real-World Document Parsing via Realistic Scene Synthesis and Document-Aware Training

Document parsing has recently advanced with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that directly map document images to structured outputs. Traditional cascaded pipelines depend on precise layout analysis and often fail under casually captured or non-standard conditions. Although end-to-end approaches mitigate this dependency, they still exhibit repetitive, hallucinated, and structurally inconsistent predictions - primarily due to the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality full-page (document-level) end-to-end parsing data and the lack of structure-aware training strategies. To address these challenges, we propose a data-training co-design framework for robust end-to-end document parsing. A Realistic Scene Synthesis strategy constructs large-scale, structurally diverse full-page end-to-end supervision by composing layout templates with rich document elements, while a Document-Aware Training Recipe introduces progressive learning and structure-token optimization to enhance structural fidelity and decoding stability. We further build Wild-OmniDocBench, a benchmark derived from real-world captured documents for robustness evaluation. Integrated into a 1B-parameter MLLM, our method achieves superior accuracy and robustness across both scanned/digital and real-world captured scenarios. All models, data synthesis pipelines, and benchmarks will be publicly released to advance future research in document understanding.

MMTIT-Bench: A Multilingual and Multi-Scenario Benchmark with Cognition-Perception-Reasoning Guided Text-Image Machine Translation

End-to-end text-image machine translation (TIMT), which directly translates textual content in images across languages, is crucial for real-world multilingual scene understanding. Despite advances in vision-language large models (VLLMs), robustness across diverse visual scenes and low-resource languages remains underexplored due to limited evaluation resources. We present MMTIT-Bench, a human-verified multilingual and multi-scenario benchmark with 1,400 images spanning fourteen non-English and non-Chinese languages and diverse settings such as documents, scenes, and web images, enabling rigorous assessment of end-to-end TIMT. Beyond benchmarking, we study how reasoning-oriented data design improves translation. Although recent VLLMs have begun to incorporate long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, effective thinking paradigms for TIMT are still immature: existing designs either cascade parsing and translation in a sequential manner or focus on language-only reasoning, overlooking the visual cognition central to VLLMs. We propose Cognition-Perception-Reasoning for Translation (CPR-Trans), a data paradigm that integrates scene cognition, text perception, and translation reasoning within a unified reasoning process. Using a VLLM-driven data generation pipeline, CPR-Trans provides structured, interpretable supervision that aligns perception with reasoning. Experiments on 3B and 7B models show consistent gains in accuracy and interpretability. We will release MMTIT-Bench to promote the multilingual and multi-scenario TIMT research upon acceptance.

Semantic Audio-Visual Navigation in Continuous Environments

Audio-visual navigation enables embodied agents to navigate toward sound-emitting targets by leveraging both auditory and visual cues. However, most existing approaches rely on precomputed room impulse responses (RIRs) for binaural audio rendering, restricting agents to discrete grid positions and leading to spatially discontinuous observations. To establish a more realistic setting, we introduce Semantic Audio-Visual Navigation in Continuous Environments (SAVN-CE), where agents can move freely in 3D spaces and perceive temporally and spatially coherent audio-visual streams. In this setting, targets may intermittently become silent or stop emitting sound entirely, causing agents to lose goal information. To tackle this challenge, we propose MAGNet, a multimodal transformer-based model that jointly encodes spatial and semantic goal representations and integrates historical context with self-motion cues to enable memory-augmented goal reasoning. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that MAGNet significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving up to a 12.1\% absolute improvement in success rate. These results also highlight its robustness to short-duration sounds and long-distance navigation scenarios. The code is available at https://github.com/yichenzeng24/SAVN-CE.

Integrated Channel Sounding and Communication: Requirements, Architecture, Challenges, and Key Technologies

Channel models are essential for the design, evaluation, and optimization of wireless communication systems. The emerging space-air-ground-sea integrated network (SAGSIN), characterized by diverse service applications and extended-spectrum operations, places even greater demands on highly accurate channel models. However, conventional channel sounding is limited by generalized measurement campaigns, inadequate cross-band consistency, and insufficient real-time adaptability, making it unable to meet the needs of SAGSIN for scenario-specific and high-precision channel modeling. To address this challenge, we propose a novel technological framework, termed integrated channel sounding and communication (ICSC). By deeply integrating sounding and communication, the ICSC enables efficient and real-time acquisition of dynamic channel characteristics during communication processes, supporting fine-grained site- and scenario-specific measurements. Furthermore, leveraging artificial intelligence techniques, ICSC can identify channel conditions and adapt waveform parameters in real-time according to scenario variations, which in turn enhances communication performance. This article first introduces the fundamental principles of the ICSC framework, elaborates on its core concepts and key advantages, and demonstrates its feasibility through the development of an integrated verification system (IVS). Subsequently, the potential applications and opportunities of the ICSC are analyzed in depth, followed by a discussion of its future development directions and remaining challenges.

IMTBench: A Multi-Scenario Cross-Modal Collaborative Evaluation Benchmark for In-Image Machine Translation

End-to-end In-Image Machine Translation (IIMT) aims to convert text embedded within an image into a target language while preserving the original visual context, layout, and rendering style. However, existing IIMT benchmarks are largely synthetic and thus fail to reflect real-world complexity, while current evaluation protocols focus on single-modality metrics and overlook cross-modal faithfulness between rendered text and model outputs. To address these shortcomings, we present In-image Machine Translation Benchmark (IMTBench), a new benchmark of 2,500 image translation samples covering four practical scenarios and nine languages. IMTBench supports multi-aspect evaluation, including translation quality, background preservation, overall image quality, and a cross-modal alignment score that measures consistency between the translated text produced by the model and the text rendered in the translated image. We benchmark strong commercial cascade systems, and both closed- and open-source unified multi-modal models, and observe large performance gaps across scenarios and languages, especially on natural scenes and resource-limited languages, highlighting substantial headroom for end-to-end image text translation. We hope IMTBench establishes a standardized benchmark to accelerate progress in this emerging task.

PromptDLA: A Domain-aware Prompt Document Layout Analysis Framework with Descriptive Knowledge as a Cue

Document Layout Analysis (DLA) is crucial for document artificial intelligence and has recently received increasing attention, resulting in an influx of large-scale public DLA datasets. Existing work often combines data from various domains in recent public DLA datasets to improve the generalization of DLA. However, directly merging these datasets for training often results in suboptimal model performance, as it overlooks the different layout structures inherent to various domains. These variations include different labeling styles, document types, and languages. This paper introduces PromptDLA, a domain-aware Prompter for Document Layout Analysis that effectively leverages descriptive knowledge as cues to integrate domain priors into DLA. The innovative PromptDLA features a unique domain-aware prompter that customizes prompts based on the specific attributes of the data domain. These prompts then serve as cues that direct the DLA toward critical features and structures within the data, enhancing the model's ability to generalize across varied domains. Extensive experiments show that our proposal achieves state-of-the-art performance among DocLayNet, PubLayNet, M6Doc, and D$^4$LA. Our code is available at https://github.com/Zirui00/PromptDLA.

ICDAR 2025 Competition on End-to-End Document Image Machine Translation Towards Complex Layouts

Document Image Machine Translation (DIMT) seeks to translate text embedded in document images from one language to another by jointly modeling both textual content and page layout, bridging optical character recognition (OCR) and natural language processing (NLP). The DIMT 2025 Challenge advances research on end-to-end document image translation, a rapidly evolving area within multimodal document understanding. The competition features two tracks, OCR-free and OCR-based, each with two subtasks for small (less than 1B parameters) and large (greater than 1B parameters) models. Participants submit a single unified DIMT system, with the option to incorporate provided OCR transcripts. Running from December 10, 2024 to April 20, 2025, the competition attracted 69 teams and 27 valid submissions in total. Track 1 had 34 teams and 13 valid submissions, while Track 2 had 35 teams and 14 valid submissions. In this report, we present the challenge motivation, dataset construction, task definitions, evaluation protocol, and a summary of results. Our analysis shows that large-model approaches establish a promising new paradigm for translating complex-layout document images and highlight substantial opportunities for future research.

GEMs: Breaking the Long-Sequence Barrier in Generative Recommendation with a Multi-Stream Decoder

While generative recommendations (GR) possess strong sequential reasoning capabilities, they face significant challenges when processing extremely long user behavior sequences: the high computational cost forces practical sequence lengths to be limited, preventing models from capturing users' lifelong interests; meanwhile, the inherent "recency bias" of attention mechanisms further weakens learning from long-term history. To overcome this bottleneck, we propose GEMs (Generative rEcommendation with a Multi-stream decoder), a novel and unified framework designed to break the long-sequence barrier by capturing users' lifelong interaction sequences through a multi-stream perspective. Specifically, GEMs partitions user behaviors into three temporal streams$\unicode{x2014}$Recent, Mid-term, and Lifecycle$\unicode{x2014}$and employs tailored inference schemes for each: a one-stage real-time extractor for immediate dynamics, a lightweight indexer for cross attention to balance accuracy and cost for mid-term sequences, and a two-stage offline-online compression module for lifelong modeling. These streams are integrated via a parameter-free fusion strategy to enable holistic interest representation. Extensive experiments on large-scale industrial datasets demonstrate that GEMs significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in recommendation accuracy. Notably, GEMs is the first lifelong GR framework successfully deployed in a high-concurrency industrial environment, achieving superior inference efficiency while processing user sequences of over 100,000 interactions.

Echo: Towards Advanced Audio Comprehension via Audio-Interleaved Reasoning

The maturation of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) has raised growing expectations for them to comprehend complex audio much like humans. Current efforts primarily replicate text-based reasoning by contextualizing audio content through a one-time encoding, which introduces a critical information bottleneck. Drawing inspiration from human cognition, we propose audio-interleaved reasoning to break through this bottleneck. It treats audio as an active reasoning component, enabling sustained audio engagement and perception-grounded analysis. To instantiate it, we introduce a two-stage training framework, first teaching LALMs to localize salient audio segments through supervised fine-tuning, and then incentivizing proficient re-listening via reinforcement learning. In parallel, a structured data generation pipeline is developed to produce high-quality training data. Consequently, we present Echo, a LALM capable of dynamically re-listening to audio in demand during reasoning. On audio comprehension benchmarks, Echo achieves overall superiority in both challenging expert-level and general-purpose tasks. Comprehensive analysis further confirms the efficiency and generalizability of audio-interleaved reasoning, establishing it as a promising direction for advancing audio comprehension. Project page: https://github.com/wdqqdw/Echo.

Step 3.5 Flash: Open Frontier-Level Intelligence with 11B Active Parameters

We introduce Step 3.5 Flash, a sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model that bridges frontier-level agentic intelligence and computational efficiency. We focus on what matters most when building agents: sharp reasoning and fast, reliable execution. Step 3.5 Flash pairs a 196B-parameter foundation with 11B active parameters for efficient inference. It is optimized with interleaved 3:1 sliding-window/full attention and Multi-Token Prediction (MTP-3) to reduce the latency and cost of multi-round agentic interactions. To reach frontier-level intelligence, we design a scalable reinforcement learning framework that combines verifiable signals with preference feedback, while remaining stable under large-scale off-policy training, enabling consistent self-improvement across mathematics, code, and tool use. Step 3.5 Flash demonstrates strong performance across agent, coding, and math tasks, achieving 85.4% on IMO-AnswerBench, 86.4% on LiveCodeBench-v6 (2024.08-2025.05), 88.2% on tau2-Bench, 69.0% on BrowseComp (with context management), and 51.0% on Terminal-Bench 2.0, comparable to frontier models such as GPT-5.2 xHigh and Gemini 3.0 Pro. By redefining the efficiency frontier, Step 3.5 Flash provides a high-density foundation for deploying sophisticated agents in real-world industrial environments.