CIB-SE-YOLOv8: Optimized YOLOv8 for Real-Time Safety Equipment Detection on Construction Sites

Ensuring safety on construction sites is critical, with helmets playing a key role in reducing injuries. Traditional safety checks are labor-intensive and often insufficient. This study presents a computer vision-based solution using YOLO for real-time helmet detection, leveraging the SHEL5K dataset. Our proposed CIB-SE-YOLOv8 model incorporates SE attention mechanisms and modified C2f blocks, enhancing detection accuracy and efficiency. This model offers a more effective solution for promoting safety compliance on construction sites.

E-commerce Webpage Recommendation Scheme Base on Semantic Mining and Neural Networks

In e-commerce websites, web mining web page recommendation technology has been widely used. However, recommendation solutions often cannot meet the actual application needs of online shopping users. To address this problem, this paper proposes an e-commerce web page recommendation solution that combines semantic web mining and BP neural networks. First, the web logs of user searches are processed, and 5 features are extracted: content priority, time consumption priority, online shopping users' explicit/implicit feedback on the website, recommendation semantics and input deviation amount. Then, these features are used as input features of the BP neural network to classify and identify the priority of the final output web page. Finally, the web pages are sorted according to priority and recommended to users. This project uses book sales webpages as samples for experiments. The results show that this solution can quickly and accurately identify the webpages required by users.

Enhancing Skin Lesion Diagnosis with Ensemble Learning

Skin lesions are an increasingly significant medical concern, varying widely in severity from benign to cancerous. Accurate diagnosis is essential for ensuring timely and appropriate treatment. This study examines the implementation of deep learning methods to assist in the diagnosis of skin lesions using the HAM10000 dataset, which contains seven distinct types of lesions. First, we evaluated three pre-trained models: MobileNetV2, ResNet18, and VGG11, achieving accuracies of 0.798, 0.802, and 0.805, respectively. To further enhance classification accuracy, we developed ensemble models employing max voting, average voting, and stacking, resulting in accuracies of 0.803, 0.82, and 0.83. Building on the best-performing ensemble learning model, stacking, we developed our proposed model, SkinNet, which incorporates a customized architecture and fine-tuning, achieving an accuracy of 0.867 and an AUC of 0.96. This substantial improvement over individual models demonstrates the effectiveness of ensemble learning in improving skin lesion classification.

Deep Learning for Lung Disease Classification Using Transfer Learning and a Customized CNN Architecture with Attention

Many people die from lung-related diseases every year. X-ray is an effective way to test if one is diagnosed with a lung-related disease or not. This study concentrates on categorizing three distinct types of lung X-rays: those depicting healthy lungs, those showing lung opacities, and those indicative of viral pneumonia. Accurately diagnosing the disease at an early phase is critical. In this paper, five different pre-trained models will be tested on the Lung X-ray Image Dataset. SqueezeNet, VGG11, ResNet18, DenseNet, and MobileNetV2 achieved accuracies of 0.64, 0.85, 0.87, 0.88, and 0.885, respectively. MobileNetV2, as the best-performing pre-trained model, will then be further analyzed as the base model. Eventually, our own model, MobileNet-Lung based on MobileNetV2, with fine-tuning and an additional layer of attention within feature layers, was invented to tackle the lung disease classification task and achieved an accuracy of 0.933. This result is significantly improved compared with all five pre-trained models.

Simple but Effective Compound Geometric Operations for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion

Temporal knowledge graph completion aims to infer the missing facts in temporal knowledge graphs. Current approaches usually embed factual knowledge into continuous vector space and apply geometric operations to learn potential patterns in temporal knowledge graphs. However, these methods only adopt a single operation, which may have limitations in capturing the complex temporal dynamics present in temporal knowledge graphs. Therefore, we propose a simple but effective method, i.e. TCompoundE, which is specially designed with two geometric operations, including time-specific and relation-specific operations. We provide mathematical proofs to demonstrate the ability of TCompoundE to encode various relation patterns. Experimental results show that our proposed model significantly outperforms existing temporal knowledge graph embedding models. Our code is available at https://github.com/nk-ruiying/TCompoundE.

Deep Learning in Medical Image Classification from MRI-based Brain Tumor Images

Brain tumors are among the deadliest diseases in the world. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most effective ways to detect brain tumors. Accurate detection of brain tumors based on MRI scans is critical, as it can potentially save many lives and facilitate better decision-making at the early stages of the disease. Within our paper, four different types of MRI-based images have been collected from the database: glioma tumor, no tumor, pituitary tumor, and meningioma tumor. Our study focuses on making predictions for brain tumor classification. Five models, including four pre-trained models (MobileNet, EfficientNet-B0, ResNet-18, and VGG16) and one new model, MobileNet-BT, have been proposed for this study.

Enhanced Self-Checkout System for Retail Based on Improved YOLOv10

With the rapid advancement of deep learning technologies, computer vision has shown immense potential in retail automation. This paper presents a novel self-checkout system for retail based on an improved YOLOv10 network, aimed at enhancing checkout efficiency and reducing labor costs. We propose targeted optimizations to the YOLOv10 model, by incorporating the detection head structure from YOLOv8, which significantly improves product recognition accuracy. Additionally, we develop a post-processing algorithm tailored for self-checkout scenarios, to further enhance the application of system. Experimental results demonstrate that our system outperforms existing methods in both product recognition accuracy and checkout speed. This research not only provides a new technical solution for retail automation but offers valuable insights into optimizing deep learning models for real-world applications.

Application of Computer Deep Learning Model in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules

The 3D simulation model of the lung was established by using the reconstruction method. A computer aided pulmonary nodule detection model was constructed. The process iterates over the images to refine the lung nodule recognition model based on neural networks. It is integrated with 3D virtual modeling technology to improve the interactivity of the system, so as to achieve intelligent recognition of lung nodules. A 3D RCNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) was utilized for feature extraction and nodule identification. The LUNA16 large sample database was used as the research dataset. FROC (Free-response Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis was applied to evaluate the model, calculating sensitivity at various false positive rates to derive the average FROC. Compared with conventional diagnostic methods, the recognition rate was significantly improved. This technique facilitates the detection of pulmonary abnormalities at an initial phase, which holds immense value for the prompt diagnosis of lung malignancies.

BvSP: Broad-view Soft Prompting for Few-Shot Aspect Sentiment Quad Prediction

Aspect sentiment quad prediction (ASQP) aims to predict four aspect-based elements, including aspect term, opinion term, aspect category, and sentiment polarity. In practice, unseen aspects, due to distinct data distribution, impose many challenges for a trained neural model. Motivated by this, this work formulates ASQP into the few-shot scenario, which aims for fast adaptation in real applications. Therefore, we first construct a few-shot ASQP dataset (FSQP) that contains richer categories and is more balanced for the few-shot study. Moreover, recent methods extract quads through a generation paradigm, which involves converting the input sentence into a templated target sequence. However, they primarily focus on the utilization of a single template or the consideration of different template orders, thereby overlooking the correlations among various templates. To tackle this issue, we further propose a Broadview Soft Prompting (BvSP) method that aggregates multiple templates with a broader view by taking into account the correlation between the different templates. Specifically, BvSP uses the pre-trained language model to select the most relevant k templates with Jensen-Shannon divergence. BvSP further introduces soft prompts to guide the pre-trained language model using the selected templates. Then, we aggregate the results of multi-templates by voting mechanism. Empirical results demonstrate that BvSP significantly outperforms the stateof-the-art methods under four few-shot settings and other public datasets. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/byinhao/BvSP.

Interpretable System Identification and Long-term Prediction on Time-Series Data

Time-series prediction has drawn considerable attention during the past decades fueled by the emerging advances of deep learning methods. However, most neural network based methods lack interpretability and fail in extracting the hidden mechanism of the targeted physical system. To overcome these shortcomings, an interpretable sparse system identification method without any prior knowledge is proposed in this study. This method adopts the Fourier transform to reduces the irrelevant items in the dictionary matrix, instead of indiscriminate usage of polynomial functions in most system identification methods. It shows an interpretable system representation and greatly reduces computing cost. With the adoption of $l_1$ norm in regularizing the parameter matrix, a sparse description of the system model can be achieved. Moreover, Three data sets including the water conservancy data, global temperature data and financial data are used to test the performance of the proposed method. Although no prior knowledge was known about the physical background, experimental results show that our method can achieve long-term prediction regardless of the noise and incompleteness in the original data more accurately than the widely-used baseline data-driven methods. This study may provide some insight into time-series prediction investigations, and suggests that an white-box system identification method may extract the easily overlooked yet inherent periodical features and may beat neural-network based black-box methods on long-term prediction tasks.