GameIR: A Large-Scale Synthesized Ground-Truth Dataset for Image Restoration over Gaming Content

Image restoration methods like super-resolution and image synthesis have been successfully used in commercial cloud gaming products like NVIDIA's DLSS. However, restoration over gaming content is not well studied by the general public. The discrepancy is mainly caused by the lack of ground-truth gaming training data that match the test cases. Due to the unique characteristics of gaming content, the common approach of generating pseudo training data by degrading the original HR images results in inferior restoration performance. In this work, we develop GameIR, a large-scale high-quality computer-synthesized ground-truth dataset to fill in the blanks, targeting at two different applications. The first is super-resolution with deferred rendering, to support the gaming solution of rendering and transferring LR images only and restoring HR images on the client side. We provide 19200 LR-HR paired ground-truth frames coming from 640 videos rendered at 720p and 1440p for this task. The second is novel view synthesis (NVS), to support the multiview gaming solution of rendering and transferring part of the multiview frames and generating the remaining frames on the client side. This task has 57,600 HR frames from 960 videos of 160 scenes with 6 camera views. In addition to the RGB frames, the GBuffers during the deferred rendering stage are also provided, which can be used to help restoration. Furthermore, we evaluate several SOTA super-resolution algorithms and NeRF-based NVS algorithms over our dataset, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our ground-truth GameIR data in improving restoration performance for gaming content. Also, we test the method of incorporating the GBuffers as additional input information for helping super-resolution and NVS. We release our dataset and models to the general public to facilitate research on restoration methods over gaming content.

Orion-14B: Open-source Multilingual Large Language Models

In this study, we introduce Orion-14B, a collection of multilingual large language models with 14 billion parameters. We utilize a data scheduling approach to train a foundational model on a diverse corpus of 2.5 trillion tokens, sourced from texts in English, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other languages. Additionally, we fine-tuned a series of models tailored for conversational applications and other specific use cases. Our evaluation results demonstrate that Orion-14B achieves state-of-the-art performance across a broad spectrum of tasks. We make the Orion-14B model family and its associated code publicly accessible https://github.com/OrionStarAI/Orion, aiming to inspire future research and practical applications in the field.

CVTHead: One-shot Controllable Head Avatar with Vertex-feature Transformer

Reconstructing personalized animatable head avatars has significant implications in the fields of AR/VR. Existing methods for achieving explicit face control of 3D Morphable Models (3DMM) typically rely on multi-view images or videos of a single subject, making the reconstruction process complex. Additionally, the traditional rendering pipeline is time-consuming, limiting real-time animation possibilities. In this paper, we introduce CVTHead, a novel approach that generates controllable neural head avatars from a single reference image using point-based neural rendering. CVTHead considers the sparse vertices of mesh as the point set and employs the proposed Vertex-feature Transformer to learn local feature descriptors for each vertex. This enables the modeling of long-range dependencies among all the vertices. Experimental results on the VoxCeleb dataset demonstrate that CVTHead achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art graphics-based methods. Moreover, it enables efficient rendering of novel human heads with various expressions, head poses, and camera views. These attributes can be explicitly controlled using the coefficients of 3DMMs, facilitating versatile and realistic animation in real-time scenarios.

Light Field Diffusion for Single-View Novel View Synthesis

Single-view novel view synthesis, the task of generating images from new viewpoints based on a single reference image, is an important but challenging task in computer vision. Recently, Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) has become popular in this area due to its strong ability to generate high-fidelity images. However, current diffusion-based methods directly rely on camera pose matrices as viewing conditions, globally and implicitly introducing 3D constraints. These methods may suffer from inconsistency among generated images from different perspectives, especially in regions with intricate textures and structures. In this work, we present Light Field Diffusion (LFD), a conditional diffusion-based model for single-view novel view synthesis. Unlike previous methods that employ camera pose matrices, LFD transforms the camera view information into light field encoding and combines it with the reference image. This design introduces local pixel-wise constraints within the diffusion models, thereby encouraging better multi-view consistency. Experiments on several datasets show that our LFD can efficiently generate high-fidelity images and maintain better 3D consistency even in intricate regions. Our method can generate images with higher quality than NeRF-based models, and we obtain sample quality similar to other diffusion-based models but with only one-third of the model size.

Self-Sampling Meta SAM: Enhancing Few-shot Medical Image Segmentation with Meta-Learning

While the Segment Anything Model (SAM) excels in semantic segmentation for general-purpose images, its performance significantly deteriorates when applied to medical images, primarily attributable to insufficient representation of medical images in its training dataset. Nonetheless, gathering comprehensive datasets and training models that are universally applicable is particularly challenging due to the long-tail problem common in medical images. To address this gap, here we present a Self-Sampling Meta SAM (SSM-SAM) framework for few-shot medical image segmentation. Our innovation lies in the design of three key modules: 1) An online fast gradient descent optimizer, further optimized by a meta-learner, which ensures swift and robust adaptation to new tasks. 2) A Self-Sampling module designed to provide well-aligned visual prompts for improved attention allocation; and 3) A robust attention-based decoder specifically designed for medical few-shot learning to capture relationship between different slices. Extensive experiments on a popular abdominal CT dataset and an MRI dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods in few-shot segmentation, with an average improvements of 10.21% and 1.80% in terms of DSC, respectively. In conclusion, we present a novel approach for rapid online adaptation in interactive image segmentation, adapting to a new organ in just 0.83 minutes. Code is publicly available on GitHub upon acceptance.

Optron: Better Medical Image Registration via Training in the Loop

Previously, in the field of medical image registration, there are primarily two paradigms, the traditional optimization-based methods, and the deep-learning-based methods. Each of these paradigms has its advantages, and in this work, we aim to take the best of both worlds. Instead of developing a new deep learning model, we designed a robust training architecture that is simple and generalizable. We present Optron, a general training architecture incorporating the idea of training-in-the-loop. By iteratively optimizing the prediction result of a deep learning model through a plug-and-play optimizer module in the training loop, Optron introduces pseudo ground truth to an unsupervised training process. And by bringing the training process closer to that of supervised training, Optron can consistently improve the models' performance and convergence speed. We evaluated our method on various combinations of models and datasets, and we have achieved state-of-the-art performance on the IXI dataset, improving the previous state-of-the-art method TransMorph by a significant margin of +1.6% DSC. Moreover, Optron also consistently achieved positive results with other models and datasets. It increases the validation DSC for VoxelMorph and ViT-V-Net by +2.3% and +2.2% respectively on IXI, demonstrating our method's generalizability. Our implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/miraclefactory/optron

Hybrid-CSR: Coupling Explicit and Implicit Shape Representation for Cortical Surface Reconstruction

We present Hybrid-CSR, a geometric deep-learning model that combines explicit and implicit shape representations for cortical surface reconstruction. Specifically, Hybrid-CSR begins with explicit deformations of template meshes to obtain coarsely reconstructed cortical surfaces, based on which the oriented point clouds are estimated for the subsequent differentiable poisson surface reconstruction. By doing so, our method unifies explicit (oriented point clouds) and implicit (indicator function) cortical surface reconstruction. Compared to explicit representation-based methods, our hybrid approach is more friendly to capture detailed structures, and when compared with implicit representation-based methods, our method can be topology aware because of end-to-end training with a mesh-based deformation module. In order to address topology defects, we propose a new topology correction pipeline that relies on optimization-based diffeomorphic surface registration. Experimental results on three brain datasets show that our approach surpasses existing implicit and explicit cortical surface reconstruction methods in numeric metrics in terms of accuracy, regularity, and consistency.

Hybrid Neural Diffeomorphic Flow for Shape Representation and Generation via Triplane

Deep Implicit Functions (DIFs) have gained popularity in 3D computer vision due to their compactness and continuous representation capabilities. However, addressing dense correspondences and semantic relationships across DIF-encoded shapes remains a critical challenge, limiting their applications in texture transfer and shape analysis. Moreover, recent endeavors in 3D shape generation using DIFs often neglect correspondence and topology preservation. This paper presents HNDF (Hybrid Neural Diffeomorphic Flow), a method that implicitly learns the underlying representation and decomposes intricate dense correspondences into explicitly axis-aligned triplane features. To avoid suboptimal representations trapped in local minima, we propose hybrid supervision that captures both local and global correspondences. Unlike conventional approaches that directly generate new 3D shapes, we further explore the idea of shape generation with deformed template shape via diffeomorphic flows, where the deformation is encoded by the generated triplane features. Leveraging a pre-existing 2D diffusion model, we produce high-quality and diverse 3D diffeomorphic flows through generated triplanes features, ensuring topological consistency with the template shape. Extensive experiments on medical image organ segmentation datasets evaluate the effectiveness of HNDF in 3D shape representation and generation.

Diffeomorphic Deformation via Sliced Wasserstein Distance Optimization for Cortical Surface Reconstruction

Mesh deformation is a core task for 3D mesh reconstruction, but defining an efficient discrepancy between predicted and target meshes remains an open problem. A prevalent approach in current deep learning is the set-based approach which measures the discrepancy between two surfaces by comparing two randomly sampled point-clouds from the two meshes with Chamfer pseudo-distance. Nevertheless, the set-based approach still has limitations such as lacking a theoretical guarantee for choosing the number of points in sampled point-clouds, and the pseudo-metricity and the quadratic complexity of the Chamfer divergence. To address these issues, we propose a novel metric for learning mesh deformation. The metric is defined by sliced Wasserstein distance on meshes represented as probability measures that generalize the set-based approach. By leveraging probability measure space, we gain flexibility in encoding meshes using diverse forms of probability measures, such as continuous, empirical, and discrete measures via \textit{varifold} representation. After having encoded probability measures, we can compare meshes by using the sliced Wasserstein distance which is an effective optimal transport distance with linear computational complexity and can provide a fast statistical rate for approximating the surface of meshes. Furthermore, we employ a neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) to deform the input surface into the target shape by modeling the trajectories of the points on the surface. Our experiments on cortical surface reconstruction demonstrate that our approach surpasses other competing methods in multiple datasets and metrics.

MedGen3D: A Deep Generative Framework for Paired 3D Image and Mask Generation

Acquiring and annotating sufficient labeled data is crucial in developing accurate and robust learning-based models, but obtaining such data can be challenging in many medical image segmentation tasks. One promising solution is to synthesize realistic data with ground-truth mask annotations. However, no prior studies have explored generating complete 3D volumetric images with masks. In this paper, we present MedGen3D, a deep generative framework that can generate paired 3D medical images and masks. First, we represent the 3D medical data as 2D sequences and propose the Multi-Condition Diffusion Probabilistic Model (MC-DPM) to generate multi-label mask sequences adhering to anatomical geometry. Then, we use an image sequence generator and semantic diffusion refiner conditioned on the generated mask sequences to produce realistic 3D medical images that align with the generated masks. Our proposed framework guarantees accurate alignment between synthetic images and segmentation maps. Experiments on 3D thoracic CT and brain MRI datasets show that our synthetic data is both diverse and faithful to the original data, and demonstrate the benefits for downstream segmentation tasks. We anticipate that MedGen3D's ability to synthesize paired 3D medical images and masks will prove valuable in training deep learning models for medical imaging tasks.