Condensed Sample-Guided Model Inversion for Knowledge Distillation

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a key element in neural network compression that allows knowledge transfer from a pre-trained teacher model to a more compact student model. KD relies on access to the training dataset, which may not always be fully available due to privacy concerns or logistical issues related to the size of the data. To address this, "data-free" KD methods use synthetic data, generated through model inversion, to mimic the target data distribution. However, conventional model inversion methods are not designed to utilize supplementary information from the target dataset, and thus, cannot leverage it to improve performance, even when it is available. In this paper, we consider condensed samples, as a form of supplementary information, and introduce a method for using them to better approximate the target data distribution, thereby enhancing the KD performance. Our approach is versatile, evidenced by improvements of up to 11.4% in KD accuracy across various datasets and model inversion-based methods. Importantly, it remains effective even when using as few as one condensed sample per class, and can also enhance performance in few-shot scenarios where only limited real data samples are available.

CRISP: Hybrid Structured Sparsity for Class-aware Model Pruning

Machine learning pipelines for classification tasks often train a universal model to achieve accuracy across a broad range of classes. However, a typical user encounters only a limited selection of classes regularly. This disparity provides an opportunity to enhance computational efficiency by tailoring models to focus on user-specific classes. Existing works rely on unstructured pruning, which introduces randomly distributed non-zero values in the model, making it unsuitable for hardware acceleration. Alternatively, some approaches employ structured pruning, such as channel pruning, but these tend to provide only minimal compression and may lead to reduced model accuracy. In this work, we propose CRISP, a novel pruning framework leveraging a hybrid structured sparsity pattern that combines both fine-grained N:M structured sparsity and coarse-grained block sparsity. Our pruning strategy is guided by a gradient-based class-aware saliency score, allowing us to retain weights crucial for user-specific classes. CRISP achieves high accuracy with minimal memory consumption for popular models like ResNet-50, VGG-16, and MobileNetV2 on ImageNet and CIFAR-100 datasets. Moreover, CRISP delivers up to 14$\times$ reduction in latency and energy consumption compared to existing pruning methods while maintaining comparable accuracy. Our code is available at https://github.com/shivmgg/CRISP/.

Post-Training Quantization with Low-precision Minifloats and Integers on FPGAs

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is a powerful technique for model compression, reducing the precision of neural networks without additional training overhead. Recent works have investigated adopting 8-bit floating-point quantization (FP8) in the context of PTQ for model inference. However, the exploration of floating-point formats smaller than 8 bits and their comparison with integer quantization remains relatively limited. In this work, we present minifloats, which are reduced-precision floating-point formats capable of further reducing the memory footprint, latency, and energy cost of a model while approaching full-precision model accuracy. Our work presents a novel PTQ design-space exploration, comparing minifloat and integer quantization schemes across a range of 3 to 8 bits for both weights and activations. We examine the applicability of various PTQ techniques to minifloats, including weight equalization, bias correction, SmoothQuant, gradient-based learned rounding, and the GPTQ method. Our experiments validate the effectiveness of low-precision minifloats when compared to their integer counterparts across a spectrum of accuracy-precision trade-offs on a set of reference deep learning vision workloads. Finally, we evaluate our results against an FPGA-based hardware cost model, showing that integer quantization often remains the Pareto-optimal option, given its relatively smaller hardware resource footprint.

Robust and Resource-Efficient Data-Free Knowledge Distillation by Generative Pseudo Replay

Data-Free Knowledge Distillation (KD) allows knowledge transfer from a trained neural network (teacher) to a more compact one (student) in the absence of original training data. Existing works use a validation set to monitor the accuracy of the student over real data and report the highest performance throughout the entire process. However, validation data may not be available at distillation time either, making it infeasible to record the student snapshot that achieved the peak accuracy. Therefore, a practical data-free KD method should be robust and ideally provide monotonically increasing student accuracy during distillation. This is challenging because the student experiences knowledge degradation due to the distribution shift of the synthetic data. A straightforward approach to overcome this issue is to store and rehearse the generated samples periodically, which increases the memory footprint and creates privacy concerns. We propose to model the distribution of the previously observed synthetic samples with a generative network. In particular, we design a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) with a training objective that is customized to learn the synthetic data representations optimally. The student is rehearsed by the generative pseudo replay technique, with samples produced by the VAE. Hence knowledge degradation can be prevented without storing any samples. Experiments on image classification benchmarks show that our method optimizes the expected value of the distilled model accuracy while eliminating the large memory overhead incurred by the sample-storing methods.

Synthetic Video Generation for Robust Hand Gesture Recognition in Augmented Reality Applications

Hand gestures are a natural means of interaction in Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) applications. Recently, there has been an increased focus on removing the dependence of accurate hand gesture recognition on complex sensor setup found in expensive proprietary devices such as the Microsoft HoloLens, Daqri and Meta Glasses. Most such solutions either rely on multi-modal sensor data or deep neural networks that can benefit greatly from abundance of labelled data. Datasets are an integral part of any deep learning based research. They have been the principal reason for the substantial progress in this field, both, in terms of providing enough data for the training of these models, and, for benchmarking competing algorithms. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to generate enough labelled data for complex tasks such as hand gesture recognition. The goal of this work is to introduce a framework capable of generating photo-realistic videos that have labelled hand bounding box and fingertip that can help in designing, training, and benchmarking models for hand-gesture recognition in AR/VR applications. We demonstrate the efficacy of our framework in generating videos with diverse backgrounds.