Emergence of Social Norms in Large Language Model-based Agent Societies

The emergence of social norms has attracted much interest in a wide array of disciplines, ranging from social science and cognitive science to artificial intelligence. In this paper, we propose the first generative agent architecture that empowers the emergence of social norms within a population of large language model-based agents. Our architecture, named CRSEC, consists of four modules: Creation & Representation, Spreading, Evaluation, and Compliance. Our architecture addresses several important aspects of the emergent processes all in one: (i) where social norms come from, (ii) how they are formally represented, (iii) how they spread through agents' communications and observations, (iv) how they are examined with a sanity check and synthesized in the long term, and (v) how they are incorporated into agents' planning and actions. Our experiments deployed in the Smallville sandbox game environment demonstrate the capability of our architecture to establish social norms and reduce social conflicts within large language model-based multi-agent systems. The positive outcomes of our human evaluation, conducted with 30 evaluators, further affirm the effectiveness of our approach.

GenAD: Generative End-to-End Autonomous Driving

Directly producing planning results from raw sensors has been a long-desired solution for autonomous driving and has attracted increasing attention recently. Most existing end-to-end autonomous driving methods factorize this problem into perception, motion prediction, and planning. However, we argue that the conventional progressive pipeline still cannot comprehensively model the entire traffic evolution process, e.g., the future interaction between the ego car and other traffic participants and the structural trajectory prior. In this paper, we explore a new paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving, where the key is to predict how the ego car and the surroundings evolve given past scenes. We propose GenAD, a generative framework that casts autonomous driving into a generative modeling problem. We propose an instance-centric scene tokenizer that first transforms the surrounding scenes into map-aware instance tokens. We then employ a variational autoencoder to learn the future trajectory distribution in a structural latent space for trajectory prior modeling. We further adopt a temporal model to capture the agent and ego movements in the latent space to generate more effective future trajectories. GenAD finally simultaneously performs motion prediction and planning by sampling distributions in the learned structural latent space conditioned on the instance tokens and using the learned temporal model to generate futures. Extensive experiments on the widely used nuScenes benchmark show that the proposed GenAD achieves state-of-the-art performance on vision-centric end-to-end autonomous driving with high efficiency. Code: https://github.com/wzzheng/GenAD.

LLsM: Generative Linguistic Steganography with Large Language Model

Linguistic Steganography (LS) tasks aim to generate steganographic text (stego) based on secret information. Only authorized recipients can perceive the existence of secrets in the texts and extract them, thereby preserving privacy. However, the controllability of the stego generated by existing schemes is poor, and the stego is difficult to contain specific discourse characteristics such as style. As a result, the stego is easily detectable, compromising covert communication. To address these problems, this paper proposes LLsM, the first LS with the Large Language Model (LLM). We fine-tuned the LLaMA2 with a large-scale constructed dataset encompassing rich discourse characteristics, which enables the fine-tuned LLM to generate texts with specific discourse in a controllable manner. Then the discourse is used as guiding information and inputted into the fine-tuned LLM in the form of the Prompt together with secret. On this basis, the constructed candidate pool will be range encoded and use secret to determine the interval. The same prefix of this interval's beginning and ending is the secret embedded at this moment. Experiments show that LLsM performs superior to prevalent LS-task and related-task baselines regarding text quality, statistical analysis, discourse matching, and anti-steganalysis. In particular, LLsM's MAUVE matric surpasses some baselines by 70%-80%, and its anti-steganalysis performance is 30%-40% higher. Notably, we also present examples of longer stegos generated by LLsM, showing its potential superiority in long LS tasks.

UP4LS: User Profile Constructed by Multiple Attributes for Enhancing Linguistic Steganalysis

Linguistic steganalysis (LS) tasks aim to effectively detect stegos generated by linguistic steganography. Existing LS methods overlook the distinctive user characteristics, leading to weak performance in social networks. The limited occurrence of stegos further complicates detection. In this paper, we propose the UP4LS, a novel framework with the User Profile for enhancing LS performance. Specifically, by delving into post content, we explore user attributes like writing habits, psychological states, and focal areas, thereby building the user profile for LS. For each attribute, we design the identified feature extraction module. The extracted features are mapped to high-dimensional user features via deep-learning networks from existing methods. Then the language model is employed to extract content features. The user and content features are integrated to optimize feature representation. During the training phase, we prioritize the distribution of stegos. Experiments demonstrate that UP4LS can significantly enhance the performance of existing methods, and an overall accuracy improvement of nearly 25%. In particular, the improvement is especially pronounced with fewer stego samples. Additionally, UP4LS also sets the stage for studies on related tasks, encouraging extensive applications on LS tasks.