Manifold-Aware Local Feature Modeling for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

Achieving precise medical image segmentation is vital for effective treatment planning and accurate disease diagnosis. Traditional fully-supervised deep learning methods, though highly precise, are heavily reliant on large volumes of labeled data, which are often difficult to obtain due to the expertise required for medical annotations. This has led to the rise of semi-supervised learning approaches that utilize both labeled and unlabeled data to mitigate the label scarcity issue. In this paper, we introduce the Manifold-Aware Local Feature Modeling Network (MANet), which enhances the U-Net architecture by incorporating manifold supervision signals. This approach focuses on improving boundary accuracy, which is crucial for reliable medical diagnosis. To further extend the versatility of our method, we propose two variants: MA-Sobel and MA-Canny. The MA-Sobel variant employs the Sobel operator, which is effective for both 2D and 3D data, while the MA-Canny variant utilizes the Canny operator, specifically designed for 2D images, to refine boundary detection. These variants allow our method to adapt to various medical image modalities and dimensionalities, ensuring broader applicability. Our extensive experiments on datasets such as ACDC, LA, and Pancreas-NIH demonstrate that MANet consistently surpasses state-of-the-art methods in performance metrics like Dice and Jaccard scores. The proposed method also shows improved generalization across various semi-supervised segmentation networks, highlighting its robustness and effectiveness. Visual analysis of segmentation results confirms that MANet offers clearer and more accurate class boundaries, underscoring the value of manifold information in medical image segmentation.

Time Cell Inspired Temporal Codebook in Spiking Neural Networks for Enhanced Image Generation

This paper presents a novel approach leveraging Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) to construct a Variational Quantized Autoencoder (VQ-VAE) with a temporal codebook inspired by hippocampal time cells. This design captures and utilizes temporal dependencies, significantly enhancing the generative capabilities of SNNs. Neuroscientific research has identified hippocampal "time cells" that fire sequentially during temporally structured experiences. Our temporal codebook emulates this behavior by triggering the activation of time cell populations based on similarity measures as input stimuli pass through it. We conducted extensive experiments on standard benchmark datasets, including MNIST, FashionMNIST, CIFAR10, CelebA, and downsampled LSUN Bedroom, to validate our model's performance. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of the temporal codebook on neuromorphic datasets NMNIST and DVS-CIFAR10, and demonstrated the model's capability with high-resolution datasets such as CelebA-HQ, LSUN Bedroom, and LSUN Church. The experimental results indicate that our method consistently outperforms existing SNN-based generative models across multiple datasets, achieving state-of-the-art performance. Notably, our approach excels in generating high-resolution and temporally consistent data, underscoring the crucial role of temporal information in SNN-based generative modeling.

ShapeMoiré: Channel-Wise Shape-Guided Network for Image Demoiréing

Photographing optoelectronic displays often introduces unwanted moir\'e patterns due to analog signal interference between the pixel grids of the display and the camera sensor arrays. This work identifies two problems that are largely ignored by existing image demoir\'eing approaches: 1) moir\'e patterns vary across different channels (RGB); 2) repetitive patterns are constantly observed. However, employing conventional convolutional (CNN) layers cannot address these problems. Instead, this paper presents the use of our recently proposed Shape concept. It was originally employed to model consistent features from fragmented regions, particularly when identical or similar objects coexist in an RGB-D image. Interestingly, we find that the Shape information effectively captures the moir\'e patterns in artifact images. Motivated by this discovery, we propose a ShapeMoir\'e method to aid in image demoir\'eing. Beyond modeling shape features at the patch-level, we further extend this to the global image-level and design a novel Shape-Architecture. Consequently, our proposed method, equipped with both ShapeConv and Shape-Architecture, can be seamlessly integrated into existing approaches without introducing additional parameters or computation overhead during inference. We conduct extensive experiments on four widely used datasets, and the results demonstrate that our ShapeMoir\'e achieves state-of-the-art performance, particularly in terms of the PSNR metric. We then apply our method across four popular architectures to showcase its generalization capabilities. Moreover, our ShapeMoir\'e is robust and viable under real-world demoir\'eing scenarios involving smartphone photographs.

TIM: An Efficient Temporal Interaction Module for Spiking Transformer

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), as the third generation of neural networks, have gained prominence for their biological plausibility and computational efficiency, especially in processing diverse datasets. The integration of attention mechanisms, inspired by advancements in neural network architectures, has led to the development of Spiking Transformers. These have shown promise in enhancing SNNs' capabilities, particularly in the realms of both static and neuromorphic datasets. Despite their progress, a discernible gap exists in these systems, specifically in the Spiking Self Attention (SSA) mechanism's effectiveness in leveraging the temporal processing potential of SNNs. To address this, we introduce the Temporal Interaction Module (TIM), a novel, convolution-based enhancement designed to augment the temporal data processing abilities within SNN architectures. TIM's integration into existing SNN frameworks is seamless and efficient, requiring minimal additional parameters while significantly boosting their temporal information handling capabilities. Through rigorous experimentation, TIM has demonstrated its effectiveness in exploiting temporal information, leading to state-of-the-art performance across various neuromorphic datasets.