Enhancing Diagnostic Precision in Gastric Bleeding through Automated Lesion Segmentation: A Deep DuS-KFCM Approach

Timely and precise classification and segmentation of gastric bleeding in endoscopic imagery are pivotal for the rapid diagnosis and intervention of gastric complications, which is critical in life-saving medical procedures. Traditional methods grapple with the challenge posed by the indistinguishable intensity values of bleeding tissues adjacent to other gastric structures. Our study seeks to revolutionize this domain by introducing a novel deep learning model, the Dual Spatial Kernelized Constrained Fuzzy C-Means (Deep DuS-KFCM) clustering algorithm. This Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy system synergizes Neural Networks with Fuzzy Logic to offer a highly precise and efficient identification of bleeding regions. Implementing a two-fold coarse-to-fine strategy for segmentation, this model initially employs the Spatial Kernelized Fuzzy C-Means (SKFCM) algorithm enhanced with spatial intensity profiles and subsequently harnesses the state-of-the-art DeepLabv3+ with ResNet50 architecture to refine the segmentation output. Through extensive experiments across mainstream gastric bleeding and red spots datasets, our Deep DuS-KFCM model demonstrated unprecedented accuracy rates of 87.95%, coupled with a specificity of 96.33%, outperforming contemporary segmentation methods. The findings underscore the model's robustness against noise and its outstanding segmentation capabilities, particularly for identifying subtle bleeding symptoms, thereby presenting a significant leap forward in medical image processing.

Swarm Intelligence: Past, Present and Future

Many optimization problems in science and engineering are challenging to solve, and the current trend is to use swarm intelligence (SI) and SI-based algorithms to tackle such challenging problems. Some significant developments have been made in recent years, though there are still many open problems in this area. This paper provides a short but timely analysis about SI-based algorithms and their links with self-organization. Different characteristics and properties are analyzed here from both mathematical and qualitative perspectives. Future research directions are outlined and open questions are also highlighted.

Bat Algorithm is Better Than Intermittent Search Strategy

The efficiency of any metaheuristic algorithm largely depends on the way of balancing local intensive exploitation and global diverse exploration. Studies show that bat algorithm can provide a good balance between these two key components with superior efficiency. In this paper, we first review some commonly used metaheuristic algorithms, and then compare the performance of bat algorithm with the so-called intermittent search strategy. From simulations, we found that bat algorithm is better than the optimal intermittent search strategy. We also analyse the comparison results and their implications for higher dimensional optimization problems. In addition, we also apply bat algorithm in solving business optimization and engineering design problems.