PyRIT: A Framework for Security Risk Identification and Red Teaming in Generative AI System

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives. The increase in computational power and data availability has led to a proliferation of both single- and multi-modal models. As the GenAI ecosystem matures, the need for extensible and model-agnostic risk identification frameworks is growing. To meet this need, we introduce the Python Risk Identification Toolkit (PyRIT), an open-source framework designed to enhance red teaming efforts in GenAI systems. PyRIT is a model- and platform-agnostic tool that enables red teamers to probe for and identify novel harms, risks, and jailbreaks in multimodal generative AI models. Its composable architecture facilitates the reuse of core building blocks and allows for extensibility to future models and modalities. This paper details the challenges specific to red teaming generative AI systems, the development and features of PyRIT, and its practical applications in real-world scenarios.

Phi-3 Safety Post-Training: Aligning Language Models with a "Break-Fix" Cycle

Recent innovations in language model training have demonstrated that it is possible to create highly performant models that are small enough to run on a smartphone. As these models are deployed in an increasing number of domains, it is critical to ensure that they are aligned with human preferences and safety considerations. In this report, we present our methodology for safety aligning the Phi-3 series of language models. We utilized a "break-fix" cycle, performing multiple rounds of dataset curation, safety post-training, benchmarking, red teaming, and vulnerability identification to cover a variety of harm areas in both single and multi-turn scenarios. Our results indicate that this approach iteratively improved the performance of the Phi-3 models across a wide range of responsible AI benchmarks.

Transfer Learning with Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Efficient Simulation of Branched Flows

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a promising approach to solving differential equations and, more generally, to applying deep learning to problems in the physical sciences. We adopt a recently developed transfer learning approach for PINNs and introduce a multi-head model to efficiently obtain accurate solutions to nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations with random potentials. In particular, we apply the method to simulate stochastic branched flows, a universal phenomenon in random wave dynamics. Finally, we compare the results achieved by feed forward and GAN-based PINNs on two physically relevant transfer learning tasks and show that our methods provide significant computational speedups in comparison to standard PINNs trained from scratch.

DEQGAN: Learning the Loss Function for PINNs with Generative Adversarial Networks

Solutions to differential equations are of significant scientific and engineering relevance. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising method for solving differential equations, but they lack a theoretical justification for the use of any particular loss function. This work presents Differential Equation GAN (DEQGAN), a novel method for solving differential equations using generative adversarial networks to "learn the loss function" for optimizing the neural network. Presenting results on a suite of twelve ordinary and partial differential equations, including the nonlinear Burgers', Allen-Cahn, Hamilton, and modified Einstein's gravity equations, we show that DEQGAN can obtain multiple orders of magnitude lower mean squared errors than PINNs that use $L_2$, $L_1$, and Huber loss functions. We also show that DEQGAN achieves solution accuracies that are competitive with popular numerical methods. Finally, we present two methods to improve the robustness of DEQGAN to different hyperparameter settings.

Evaluating the Fairness Impact of Differentially Private Synthetic Data

Differentially private (DP) synthetic data is a promising approach to maximizing the utility of data containing sensitive information. Due to the suppression of underrepresented classes that is often required to achieve privacy, however, it may be in conflict with fairness. We evaluate four DP synthesizers and present empirical results indicating that three of these models frequently degrade fairness outcomes on downstream binary classification tasks. We draw a connection between fairness and the proportion of minority groups present in the generated synthetic data, and find that training synthesizers on data that are pre-processed via a multi-label undersampling method can promote more fair outcomes without degrading accuracy.