MERLIN: Multi-stagE query performance prediction for dynamic paRallel oLap pIpeliNe

High-performance OLAP database technology has emerged with the growing demand for massive data analysis. To achieve much higher performance, many DBMSs adopt sophisticated designs including SIMD operators, parallel execution, and dynamic pipeline modification. However, such advanced OLAP query execution mechanisms still lack targeted Query Performance Prediction (QPP) methods because most existing methods target conventional tree-shaped query plans and static serial executors. To address this problem, in this paper, we proposed MERLIN a multi-stage query performance prediction method for high-performance OLAP DBMSs. MERLIN first establishes resource cost models for each physical operator. Then, it constructs a DAG that consists of a data-flow tree backbone and resource competition relationships among concurrent operators. After using a GAT with an extra attention mechanism to calibrate the cost, the cost vector tree is extracted and summarized by a TCN, ultimately enabling effective query performance prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that MERLIN yields higher performance prediction precision than existing methods.

All-in-one Weather-degraded Image Restoration via Adaptive Degradation-aware Self-prompting Model

Existing approaches for all-in-one weather-degraded image restoration suffer from inefficiencies in leveraging degradation-aware priors, resulting in sub-optimal performance in adapting to different weather conditions. To this end, we develop an adaptive degradation-aware self-prompting model (ADSM) for all-in-one weather-degraded image restoration. Specifically, our model employs the contrastive language-image pre-training model (CLIP) to facilitate the training of our proposed latent prompt generators (LPGs), which represent three types of latent prompts to characterize the degradation type, degradation property and image caption. Moreover, we integrate the acquired degradation-aware prompts into the time embedding of diffusion model to improve degradation perception. Meanwhile, we employ the latent caption prompt to guide the reverse sampling process using the cross-attention mechanism, thereby guiding the accurate image reconstruction. Furthermore, to accelerate the reverse sampling procedure of diffusion model and address the limitations of frequency perception, we introduce a wavelet-oriented noise estimating network (WNE-Net). Extensive experiments conducted on eight publicly available datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in both task-specific and all-in-one applications.

Encoder-minimal and Decoder-minimal Framework for Remote Sensing Image Dehazing

Haze obscures remote sensing images, hindering valuable information extraction. To this end, we propose RSHazeNet, an encoder-minimal and decoder-minimal framework for efficient remote sensing image dehazing. Specifically, regarding the process of merging features within the same level, we develop an innovative module called intra-level transposed fusion module (ITFM). This module employs adaptive transposed self-attention to capture comprehensive context-aware information, facilitating the robust context-aware feature fusion. Meanwhile, we present a cross-level multi-view interaction module (CMIM) to enable effective interactions between features from various levels, mitigating the loss of information due to the repeated sampling operations. In addition, we propose a multi-view progressive extraction block (MPEB) that partitions the features into four distinct components and employs convolution with varying kernel sizes, groups, and dilation factors to facilitate view-progressive feature learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our proposed RSHazeNet. We release the source code and all pre-trained models at \url{https://github.com/chdwyb/RSHazeNet}.

GeoShapley: A Game Theory Approach to Measuring Spatial Effects in Machine Learning Models

This paper introduces GeoShapley, a game theory approach to measuring spatial effects in machine learning models. GeoShapley extends the Nobel Prize-winning Shapley value framework in game theory by conceptualizing location as a player in a model prediction game, which enables the quantification of the importance of location and the synergies between location and other features in a model. GeoShapley is a model-agnostic approach and can be applied to statistical or black-box machine learning models in various structures. The interpretation of GeoShapley is directly linked with spatially varying coefficient models for explaining spatial effects and additive models for explaining non-spatial effects. Using simulated data, GeoShapley values are validated against known data-generating processes and are used for cross-comparison of seven statistical and machine learning models. An empirical example of house price modeling is used to illustrate GeoShapley's utility and interpretation with real world data. The method is available as an open-source Python package named geoshapley.

Multi-dimension Queried and Interacting Network for Stereo Image Deraining

Eliminating the rain degradation in stereo images poses a formidable challenge, which necessitates the efficient exploitation of mutual information present between the dual views. To this end, we devise MQINet, which employs multi-dimension queries and interactions for stereo image deraining. More specifically, our approach incorporates a context-aware dimension-wise queried block (CDQB). This module leverages dimension-wise queries that are independent of the input features and employs global context-aware attention (GCA) to capture essential features while avoiding the entanglement of redundant or irrelevant information. Meanwhile, we introduce an intra-view physics-aware attention (IPA) based on the inverse physical model of rainy images. IPA extracts shallow features that are sensitive to the physics of rain degradation, facilitating the reduction of rain-related artifacts during the early learning period. Furthermore, we integrate a cross-view multi-dimension interacting attention mechanism (CMIA) to foster comprehensive feature interaction between the two views across multiple dimensions. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate the superiority of our model over EPRRNet and StereoIRR, achieving respective improvements of 4.18 dB and 0.45 dB in PSNR. Code and models are available at \url{https://github.com/chdwyb/MQINet}.

GeoExplainer: A Visual Analytics Framework for Spatial Modeling Contextualization and Report Generation

Geographic regression models of various descriptions are often applied to identify patterns and anomalies in the determinants of spatially distributed observations. These types of analyses focus on answering why questions about underlying spatial phenomena, e.g., why is crime higher in this locale, why do children in one school district outperform those in another, etc.? Answers to these questions require explanations of the model structure, the choice of parameters, and contextualization of the findings with respect to their geographic context. This is particularly true for local forms of regression models which are focused on the role of locational context in determining human behavior. In this paper, we present GeoExplainer, a visual analytics framework designed to support analysts in creating explanative documentation that summarizes and contextualizes their spatial analyses. As analysts create their spatial models, our framework flags potential issues with model parameter selections, utilizes template-based text generation to summarize model outputs, and links with external knowledge repositories to provide annotations that help to explain the model results. As analysts explore the model results, all visualizations and annotations can be captured in an interactive report generation widget. We demonstrate our framework using a case study modeling the determinants of voting in the 2016 US Presidential Election.

Duet: efficient and scalable hybriD neUral rElation undersTanding

Learned cardinality estimation methods have achieved high precision compared to traditional methods. Among learned methods, query-driven approaches face the data and workload drift problem for a long time. Although both query-driven and hybrid methods are proposed to avoid this problem, even the state-of-the-art of them suffer from high training and estimation costs, limited scalability, instability, and long-tailed distribution problem on high cardinality and high-dimensional tables, which seriously affects the practical application of learned cardinality estimators. In this paper, we prove that most of these problems are directly caused by the widely used progressive sampling. We solve this problem by introducing predicates information into the autoregressive model and propose Duet, a stable, efficient, and scalable hybrid method to estimate cardinality directly without sampling or any non-differentiable process, which can not only reduces the inference complexity from O(n) to O(1) compared to Naru and UAE but also achieve higher accuracy on high cardinality and high-dimensional tables. Experimental results show that Duet can achieve all the design goals above and be much more practical and even has a lower inference cost on CPU than that of most learned methods on GPU.