Phantom: Constraining Generative Artificial Intelligence Models for Practical Domain Specific Peripherals Trace Synthesizing

Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) is the de facto interconnect standard for high-speed peripherals and CPUs. Prototyping and optimizing PCIe devices for emerging scenarios is an ongoing challenge. Since Transaction Layer Packets (TLPs) capture device-CPU interactions, it is crucial to analyze and generate realistic TLP traces for effective device design and optimization. Generative AI offers a promising approach for creating intricate, custom TLP traces necessary for PCIe hardware and software development. However, existing models often generate impractical traces due to the absence of PCIe-specific constraints, such as TLP ordering and causality. This paper presents Phantom, the first framework that treats TLP trace generation as a generative AI problem while incorporating PCIe-specific constraints. We validate Phantom's effectiveness by generating TLP traces for an actual PCIe network interface card. Experimental results show that Phantom produces practical, large-scale TLP traces, significantly outperforming existing models, with improvements of up to 1000$\times$ in task-specific metrics and up to 2.19$\times$ in Frechet Inception Distance (FID) compared to backbone-only methods.

DVHN: A Deep Hashing Framework for Large-scale Vehicle Re-identification

In this paper, we make the very first attempt to investigate the integration of deep hash learning with vehicle re-identification. We propose a deep hash-based vehicle re-identification framework, dubbed DVHN, which substantially reduces memory usage and promotes retrieval efficiency while reserving nearest neighbor search accuracy. Concretely,~DVHN directly learns discrete compact binary hash codes for each image by jointly optimizing the feature learning network and the hash code generating module. Specifically, we directly constrain the output from the convolutional neural network to be discrete binary codes and ensure the learned binary codes are optimal for classification. To optimize the deep discrete hashing framework, we further propose an alternating minimization method for learning binary similarity-preserved hashing codes. Extensive experiments on two widely-studied vehicle re-identification datasets- \textbf{VehicleID} and \textbf{VeRi}-~have demonstrated the superiority of our method against the state-of-the-art deep hash methods. \textbf{DVHN} of $2048$ bits can achieve 13.94\% and 10.21\% accuracy improvement in terms of \textbf{mAP} and \textbf{Rank@1} for \textbf{VehicleID (800)} dataset. For \textbf{VeRi}, we achieve 35.45\% and 32.72\% performance gains for \textbf{Rank@1} and \textbf{mAP}, respectively.

TransHash: Transformer-based Hamming Hashing for Efficient Image Retrieval

Deep hamming hashing has gained growing popularity in approximate nearest neighbour search for large-scale image retrieval. Until now, the deep hashing for the image retrieval community has been dominated by convolutional neural network architectures, e.g. \texttt{Resnet}\cite{he2016deep}. In this paper, inspired by the recent advancements of vision transformers, we present \textbf{Transhash}, a pure transformer-based framework for deep hashing learning. Concretely, our framework is composed of two major modules: (1) Based on \textit{Vision Transformer} (ViT), we design a siamese vision transformer backbone for image feature extraction. To learn fine-grained features, we innovate a dual-stream feature learning on top of the transformer to learn discriminative global and local features. (2) Besides, we adopt a Bayesian learning scheme with a dynamically constructed similarity matrix to learn compact binary hash codes. The entire framework is jointly trained in an end-to-end manner.~To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to tackle deep hashing learning problems without convolutional neural networks (\textit{CNNs}). We perform comprehensive experiments on three widely-studied datasets: \textbf{CIFAR-10}, \textbf{NUSWIDE} and \textbf{IMAGENET}. The experiments have evidenced our superiority against the existing state-of-the-art deep hashing methods. Specifically, we achieve 8.2\%, 2.6\%, 12.7\% performance gains in terms of average \textit{mAP} for different hash bit lengths on three public datasets, respectively.