GIScience in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Research Agenda Towards Autonomous GIS

The advent of generative AI exemplified by large language models (LLMs) opens new ways to represent and compute geographic information and transcend the process of geographic knowledge production, driving geographic information systems (GIS) towards autonomous GIS. Leveraging LLMs as the decision core, autonomous GIS can independently generate and execute geoprocessing workflows to perform spatial analysis. In this vision paper, we elaborate on the concept of autonomous GIS and present a framework that defines its five autonomous goals, five levels of autonomy, five core functions, and three operational scales. We demonstrate how autonomous GIS could perform geospatial data retrieval, spatial analysis, and map making with four proof-of-concept GIS agents. We conclude by identifying critical challenges and future research directions, including fine-tuning and self-growing decision cores, autonomous modeling, and examining the ethical and practical implications of autonomous GIS. By establishing the groundwork for a paradigm shift in GIScience, this paper envisions a future where GIS moves beyond traditional workflows to autonomously reason, derive, innovate, and advance solutions to pressing global challenges.

An optimal sensors-based simulation method for spatiotemporal event detection

Human movements in urban areas are essential for understanding the human-environment interactions. However, activities and associated movements are full of uncertainties due to the complexity of a city. In this paper, we propose an optimal sensors-based simulation method for spatiotemporal event detection using human activity signals derived from taxi trip data. A sensor here is an abstract concept such that only the true observation data at the sensor location will be treated as known data for the simulation. Specifically, we first identify the optimal number of sensors and their locations that have the strongest correlation with the whole dataset. The observation data points from these sensors are then used to simulate a regular, uneventful scenario using the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method. By comparing the simulated and observation scenarios, events are extracted both spatially and temporally. We apply this method in New York City with taxi trip records data. Results show that this method is effective in detecting when and where events occur.