Leveraging ASIC AI Chips for Homomorphic Encryption

Cloud-based services are making the outsourcing of sensitive client data increasingly common. Although homomorphic encryption (HE) offers strong privacy guarantee, it requires substantially more resources than computing on plaintext, often leading to unacceptably large latencies in getting the results. HE accelerators have emerged to mitigate this latency issue, but with the high cost of ASICs. In this paper we show that HE primitives can be converted to AI operators and accelerated on existing ASIC AI accelerators, like TPUs, which are already widely deployed in the cloud. Adapting such accelerators for HE requires (1) supporting modular multiplication, (2) high-precision arithmetic in software, and (3) efficient mapping on matrix engines. We introduce the CROSS compiler (1) to adopt Barrett reduction to provide modular reduction support using multiplier and adder, (2) Basis Aligned Transformation (BAT) to convert high-precision multiplication as low-precision matrix-vector multiplication, (3) Matrix Aligned Transformation (MAT) to covert vectorized modular operation with reduction into matrix multiplication that can be efficiently processed on 2D spatial matrix engine. Our evaluation of CROSS on a Google TPUv4 demonstrates significant performance improvements, with up to 161x and 5x speedup compared to the previous work on many-core CPUs and V100. The kernel-level codes are open-sourced at https://github.com/google/jaxite.git.

Medicine Strip Identification using 2-D Cepstral Feature Extraction and Multiclass Classification Methods

Misclassification of medicine is perilous to the health of a patient, more so if the said patient is visually impaired or simply did not recognize the color, shape or type of medicine strip. This paper proposes a method for identification of medicine strips by 2-D cepstral analysis of their images followed by performing classification that has been done using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Logistic Regression (LR) Classifiers. The 2-D cepstral features extracted are extremely distinct to a medicine strip and consequently make identifying them exceptionally accurate. This paper also proposes the Color Gradient and Pill shape Feature (CGPF) extraction procedure and discusses the Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) algorithm as well. The mentioned algorithms were implemented and their identification results have been compared.