BigMac: A Communication-Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Model Structure for Fast Training and Inference

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) structure scales the Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) and improves their performance with only the sub-linear increase in computation resources. Recently, a fine-grained DeepSeekMoE structure is proposed, which can further improve the computing efficiency of MoE without performance degradation. However, the All-to-All communication introduced by MoE has become a bottleneck, especially for the fine-grained structure, which typically involves and activates more experts, hence contributing to heavier communication overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel MoE structure named BigMac, which is also fine-grained but with high communication efficiency. The innovation of BigMac is mainly due to that we abandon the \textbf{c}ommunicate-\textbf{d}escend-\textbf{a}scend-\textbf{c}ommunicate (CDAC) manner used by fine-grained MoE, which leads to the All-to-All communication always taking place at the highest dimension. Instead, BigMac designs an efficient \textbf{d}escend-\textbf{c}ommunicate-\textbf{c}ommunicate-\textbf{a}scend (DCCA) manner. Specifically, we add a descending and ascending projection at the entrance and exit of the expert, respectively, which enables the communication to perform at a very low dimension. Furthermore, to adapt to DCCA, we re-design the structure of small experts, ensuring that the expert in BigMac has enough complexity to address tokens. Experimental results show that BigMac achieves comparable or even better model quality than fine-grained MoEs with the same number of experts and a similar number of total parameters. Equally importantly, BigMac reduces the end-to-end latency by up to 3.09$\times$ for training and increases the throughput by up to 3.11$\times$ for inference on state-of-the-art AI computing frameworks including Megatron, Tutel, and DeepSpeed-Inference.

Harmonic Retrieval with $L_1$-Tucker Tensor Decomposition

Harmonic retrieval (HR) has a wide range of applications in the scenes where signals are modelled as a summation of sinusoids. Past works have developed a number of approaches to recover the original signals. Most of them rely on classical singular value decomposition, which are vulnerable to unexpected outliers. In this paper, we present new decomposition algorithms of third-order complex-valued tensors with $L_1$-principle component analysis ($L_1$-PCA) of complex data and apply them to a novel random access HR model in presence of outliers. We also develop a novel subcarrier recovery method for the proposed model. Simulations are designed to compare our proposed method with some existing tensor-based algorithms for HR. The results demonstrate the outlier-insensitivity of the proposed method.