Convolutional Neural Networks can achieve binary bail judgement classification

There is an evident lack of implementation of Machine Learning (ML) in the legal domain in India, and any research that does take place in this domain is usually based on data from the higher courts of law and works with English data. The lower courts and data from the different regional languages of India are often overlooked. In this paper, we deploy a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture on a corpus of Hindi legal documents. We perform a bail Prediction task with the help of a CNN model and achieve an overall accuracy of 93\% which is an improvement on the benchmark accuracy, set by Kapoor et al. (2022), albeit in data from 20 districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Attentive Fusion: A Transformer-based Approach to Multimodal Hate Speech Detection

With the recent surge and exponential growth of social media usage, scrutinizing social media content for the presence of any hateful content is of utmost importance. Researchers have been diligently working since the past decade on distinguishing between content that promotes hatred and content that does not. Traditionally, the main focus has been on analyzing textual content. However, recent research attempts have also commenced into the identification of audio-based content. Nevertheless, studies have shown that relying solely on audio or text-based content may be ineffective, as recent upsurge indicates that individuals often employ sarcasm in their speech and writing. To overcome these challenges, we present an approach to identify whether a speech promotes hate or not utilizing both audio and textual representations. Our methodology is based on the Transformer framework that incorporates both audio and text sampling, accompanied by our very own layer called "Attentive Fusion". The results of our study surpassed previous state-of-the-art techniques, achieving an impressive macro F1 score of 0.927 on the Test Set.

Is Attention always needed? A Case Study on Language Identification from Speech

Language Identification (LID), a recommended initial step to Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), is used to detect a spoken language from audio specimens. In state-of-the-art systems capable of multilingual speech processing, however, users have to explicitly set one or more languages before using them. LID, therefore, plays a very important role in situations where ASR based systems cannot parse the uttered language in multilingual contexts causing failure in speech recognition. We propose an attention based convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN with Attention) that works on Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) features of audio specimens. Additionally, we reproduce some state-of-the-art approaches, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN), and compare them to our proposed method. We performed extensive evaluation on thirteen different Indian languages and our model achieves classification accuracy over 98%. Our LID model is robust to noise and provides 91.2% accuracy in a noisy scenario. The proposed model is easily extensible to new languages.