This paper considers the problem of real-time control and learning in dynamic systems subjected to uncertainties. Adaptive approaches are proposed to address the problem, which are combined to with methods and tools in Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Machine Learning (ML). Algorithms are proposed in continuous-time that combine adaptive approaches with RL leading to online control policies that guarantee stable behavior in the presence of parametric uncertainties that occur in real-time. Algorithms are proposed in discrete-time that combine adaptive approaches proposed for parameter and output estimation and ML approaches proposed for accelerated performance that guarantee stable estimation even in the presence of time-varying regressors, and for accelerated learning of the parameters with persistent excitation. Numerical validations of all algorithms are carried out using a quadrotor landing task on a moving platform and benchmark problems in ML. All results clearly point out the advantage of adaptive approaches for real-time control and learning.