Brain-inspired continual pre-trained learner via silent synaptic consolidation

Pre-trained models have demonstrated impressive generalization capabilities, yet they remain vulnerable to catastrophic forgetting when incrementally trained on new tasks. Existing architecture-based strategies encounter two primary challenges: 1) Integrating a pre-trained network with a trainable sub-network complicates the delicate balance between learning plasticity and memory stability across evolving tasks during learning. 2) The absence of robust interconnections between pre-trained networks and various sub-networks limits the effective retrieval of pertinent information during inference. In this study, we introduce the Artsy, inspired by the activation mechanisms of silent synapses via spike-timing-dependent plasticity observed in mature brains, to enhance the continual learning capabilities of pre-trained models. The Artsy integrates two key components: During training, the Artsy mimics mature brain dynamics by maintaining memory stability for previously learned knowledge within the pre-trained network while simultaneously promoting learning plasticity in task-specific sub-networks. During inference, artificial silent and functional synapses are utilized to establish precise connections between the pre-synaptic neurons in the pre-trained network and the post-synaptic neurons in the sub-networks, facilitated through synaptic consolidation, thereby enabling effective extraction of relevant information from test samples. Comprehensive experimental evaluations reveal that our model significantly outperforms conventional methods on class-incremental learning tasks, while also providing enhanced biological interpretability for architecture-based approaches. Moreover, we propose that the Artsy offers a promising avenue for simulating biological synaptic mechanisms, potentially advancing our understanding of neural plasticity in both artificial and biological systems.