Vision HgNN: An Electron-Micrograph is Worth Hypergraph of Hypernodes

Material characterization using electron micrographs is a crucial but challenging task with applications in various fields, such as semiconductors, quantum materials, batteries, etc. The challenges in categorizing electron micrographs include but are not limited to the complexity of patterns, high level of detail, and imbalanced data distribution(long-tail distribution). Existing methods have difficulty in modeling the complex relational structure in electron micrographs, hindering their ability to effectively capture the complex relationships between different spatial regions of micrographs. We propose a hypergraph neural network(HgNN) backbone architecture, a conceptually alternative approach, to better model the complex relationships in electron micrographs and improve material characterization accuracy. By utilizing cost-effective GPU hardware, our proposed framework outperforms popular baselines. The results of the ablation studies demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective in achieving state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets and efficient in terms of computational and memory requirements for handling large-scale electron micrograph-based datasets.

Hypergraph Learning based Recommender System for Anomaly Detection, Control and Optimization

Anomaly detection is fundamental yet, challenging problem with practical applications in industry. The current approaches neglect the higher-order dependencies within the networks of interconnected sensors in the high-dimensional time series(multisensor data) for anomaly detection. To this end, we present a self-adapting anomaly detection framework for joint learning of (a) discrete hypergraph structure and (b) modeling the temporal trends and spatial relations among the interdependent sensors using the hierarchical encoder-decoder architecture to overcome the challenges. The hypergraph representation learning-based framework exploits the relational inductive biases in the hypergraph-structured data to learn the pointwise single-step-ahead forecasts through the self-supervised autoregressive task and predicts the anomalies based on the forecast error. Furthermore, our framework incentivizes learning the anomaly-diagnosis ontology through a differentiable approach. It derives the anomaly information propagation-based computational hypergraphs for root cause analysis and provides recommendations through an offline, optimal predictive control policy to remedy an anomaly. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the proposed method on the benchmark datasets for fair and rigorous comparison with the popular baselines. The proposed method outperforms the baseline models and achieves SOTA performance. We report the ablation studies to support the efficacy of the framework.

Battery GraphNets : Relational Learning for Lithium-ion Batteries(LiBs) Life Estimation

Battery life estimation is critical for optimizing battery performance and guaranteeing minimal degradation for better efficiency and reliability of battery-powered systems. The existing methods to predict the Remaining Useful Life(RUL) of Lithium-ion Batteries (LiBs) neglect the relational dependencies of the battery parameters to model the nonlinear degradation trajectories. We present the Battery GraphNets framework that jointly learns to incorporate a discrete dependency graph structure between battery parameters to capture the complex interactions and the graph-learning algorithm to model the intrinsic battery degradation for RUL prognosis. The proposed method outperforms several popular methods by a significant margin on publicly available battery datasets and achieves SOTA performance. We report the ablation studies to support the efficacy of our approach.

Redefining Super-Resolution: Fine-mesh PDE predictions without classical simulations

In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), coarse mesh simulations offer computational efficiency but often lack precision. Applying conventional super-resolution to these simulations poses a significant challenge due to the fundamental contrast between downsampling high-resolution images and authentically emulating low-resolution physics. The former method conserves more of the underlying physics, surpassing the usual constraints of real-world scenarios. We propose a novel definition of super-resolution tailored for PDE-based problems. Instead of simply downsampling from a high-resolution dataset, we use coarse-grid simulated data as our input and predict fine-grid simulated outcomes. Employing a physics-infused UNet upscaling method, we demonstrate its efficacy across various 2D-CFD problems such as discontinuity detection in Burger's equation, Methane combustion, and fouling in Industrial heat exchangers. Our method enables the generation of fine-mesh solutions bypassing traditional simulation, ensuring considerable computational saving and fidelity to the original ground truth outcomes. Through diverse boundary conditions during training, we further establish the robustness of our method, paving the way for its broad applications in engineering and scientific CFD solvers.