Space-Efficient Representation of Entity-centric Query Language Models

Virtual assistants make use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) to help users answer entity-centric queries. However, spoken entity recognition is a difficult problem, due to the large number of frequently-changing named entities. In addition, resources available for recognition are constrained when ASR is performed on-device. In this work, we investigate the use of probabilistic grammars as language models within the finite-state transducer (FST) framework. We introduce a deterministic approximation to probabilistic grammars that avoids the explicit expansion of non-terminals at model creation time, integrates directly with the FST framework, and is complementary to n-gram models. We obtain a 10% relative word error rate improvement on long tail entity queries compared to when a similarly-sized n-gram model is used without our method.

Predicting Entity Popularity to Improve Spoken Entity Recognition by Virtual Assistants

We focus on improving the effectiveness of a Virtual Assistant (VA) in recognizing emerging entities in spoken queries. We introduce a method that uses historical user interactions to forecast which entities will gain in popularity and become trending, and it subsequently integrates the predictions within the Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) component of the VA. Experiments show that our proposed approach results in a 20% relative reduction in errors on emerging entity name utterances without degrading the overall recognition quality of the system.

Connecting and Comparing Language Model Interpolation Techniques

In this work, we uncover a theoretical connection between two language model interpolation techniques, count merging and Bayesian interpolation. We compare these techniques as well as linear interpolation in three scenarios with abundant training data per component model. Consistent with prior work, we show that both count merging and Bayesian interpolation outperform linear interpolation. We include the first (to our knowledge) published comparison of count merging and Bayesian interpolation, showing that the two techniques perform similarly. Finally, we argue that other considerations will make Bayesian interpolation the preferred approach in most circumstances.