HyperCLOVA X Technical Report

We introduce HyperCLOVA X, a family of large language models (LLMs) tailored to the Korean language and culture, along with competitive capabilities in English, math, and coding. HyperCLOVA X was trained on a balanced mix of Korean, English, and code data, followed by instruction-tuning with high-quality human-annotated datasets while abiding by strict safety guidelines reflecting our commitment to responsible AI. The model is evaluated across various benchmarks, including comprehensive reasoning, knowledge, commonsense, factuality, coding, math, chatting, instruction-following, and harmlessness, in both Korean and English. HyperCLOVA X exhibits strong reasoning capabilities in Korean backed by a deep understanding of the language and cultural nuances. Further analysis of the inherent bilingual nature and its extension to multilingualism highlights the model's cross-lingual proficiency and strong generalization ability to untargeted languages, including machine translation between several language pairs and cross-lingual inference tasks. We believe that HyperCLOVA X can provide helpful guidance for regions or countries in developing their sovereign LLMs.

Discrete Prompt Compression with Reinforcement Learning

Instruction-tuned Language Models (LMs) are widely used by users to address various problems with task-specific prompts. Constraints associated with the context window length and computational costs encourage the development of compressed prompts. Existing methods rely heavily on training embeddings, which are designed to accommodate multiple token meanings. This presents challenges in terms of interpretability, a fixed number of embedding tokens, reusability across different LMs, and inapplicability when interacting with black-box APIs. This study proposes prompt compression with reinforcement learning (PCRL), a novel discrete prompt compression method that addresses these issues. PCRL employs a computationally efficient policy network that directly edits prompts. The PCRL training approach can be flexibly applied to various types of LMs, as well as decoder-only and encoder-decoder architecture, and can be trained without gradient access to LMs or labeled data. PCRL achieves an average reduction of 24.6% in token count across various instruction prompts while preserving performance. Further, we demonstrate that the learned policy can be transferred to larger LMs, and through various analyses, we aid the understanding of token importance within prompts.