Enhancing Power Quality Event Classification with AI Transformer Models

Recently, there has been a growing interest in utilizing machine learning for accurate classification of power quality events (PQEs). However, most of these studies are performed assuming an ideal situation, while in reality, we can have measurement noise, DC offset, and variations in the voltage signal's amplitude and frequency. Building on the prior PQE classification works using deep learning, this paper proposes a deep-learning framework that leverages attention-enabled Transformers as a tool to accurately classify PQEs under the aforementioned considerations. The proposed framework can operate directly on the voltage signals with no need for a separate feature extraction or calculation phase. Our results show that the proposed framework outperforms recently proposed learning-based techniques. It can accurately classify PQEs under the aforementioned conditions with an accuracy varying between 99.81%$-$91.43% depending on the signal-to-noise ratio, DC offsets, and variations in the signal amplitude and frequency.

Reinforcement Learning for Supply Chain Attacks Against Frequency and Voltage Control

The ongoing modernization of the power system, involving new equipment installations and upgrades, exposes the power system to the introduction of malware into its operation through supply chain attacks. Supply chain attacks present a significant threat to power systems, allowing cybercriminals to bypass network defenses and execute deliberate attacks at the physical layer. Given the exponential advancements in machine intelligence, cybercriminals will leverage this technology to create sophisticated and adaptable attacks that can be incorporated into supply chain attacks. We demonstrate the use of reinforcement learning for developing intelligent attacks incorporated into supply chain attacks against generation control devices. We simulate potential disturbances impacting frequency and voltage regulation. The presented method can provide valuable guidance for defending against supply chain attacks.

Implicit Feedback Deep Collaborative Filtering Product Recommendation System

In this paper, several Collaborative Filtering (CF) approaches with latent variable methods were studied using user-item interactions to capture important hidden variations of the sparse customer purchasing behaviors. The latent factors are used to generalize the purchasing pattern of the customers and to provide product recommendations. CF with Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) was shown to produce the highest Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) performance on the real-world proprietary dataset provided by a large parts supply company. Different hyperparameters were tested for applicability in the CF framework. External data sources like click-data and metrics like Clickthrough Rate (CTR) were reviewed for potential extensions to the work presented. The work shown in this paper provides techniques the Company can use to provide product recommendations to enhance revenues, attract new customers, and gain advantages over competitors.