Graph Neural Network for Large-Scale Network Localization

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are popular to use for classifying structured data in the context of machine learning. But surprisingly, they are rarely applied to regression problems. In this work, we adopt GNN for a classic but challenging nonlinear regression problem, namely the network localization. Our main findings are in order. First, GNN is potentially the best solution to large-scale network localization in terms of accuracy, robustness and computational time. Second, thresholding of the communication range is essential to its superior performance. Simulation results corroborate that the proposed GNN based method outperforms all benchmarks by far. Such inspiring results are further justified theoretically in terms of data aggregation, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) noise removal and lowpass filtering effect, all affected by the threshold for neighbor selection. Code is available at https://github.com/Yanzongzi/GNN-For-localization.