EcoFollower: An Environment-Friendly Car Following Model Considering Fuel Consumption

To alleviate energy shortages and environmental impacts caused by transportation, this study introduces EcoFollower, a novel eco-car-following model developed using reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize fuel consumption in car-following scenarios. Employing the NGSIM datasets, the performance of EcoFollower was assessed in comparison with the well-established Intelligent Driver Model (IDM). The findings demonstrate that EcoFollower excels in simulating realistic driving behaviors, maintaining smooth vehicle operations, and closely matching the ground truth metrics of time-to-collision (TTC), headway, and comfort. Notably, the model achieved a significant reduction in fuel consumption, lowering it by 10.42\% compared to actual driving scenarios. These results underscore the capability of RL-based models like EcoFollower to enhance autonomous vehicle algorithms, promoting safer and more energy-efficient driving strategies.