A Neck Orthosis with Multi-Directional Variable Stiffness for Persons with Dropped Head Syndrome

Dropped Head Syndrome (DHS) causes a passively correctable neck deformation. Currently, there is no wearable orthopedic neck brace to fulfill the needs of persons suffering from DHS. Related works have made progress in this area by creating mobile neck braces that provide head support to mitigate deformation while permitting neck mobility, which enhances user-perceived comfort and quality of life. Specifically, passive designs show great potential for fully functional devices in the short term due to their inherent simplicity and compactness, although achieving suitable support presents some challenges. This work introduces a novel compliant mechanism that provides non-restrictive adjustable support for the neck's anterior and posterior flexion movements while enabling its unconstrained free rotation. The results from the experiments on non-affected persons suggest that the device provides the proposed adjustable support that unloads the muscle groups involved in supporting the head without overloading the antagonist muscle groups. Simultaneously, it was verified that the free rotation is achieved regardless of the stiffness configuration of the device.

Design of a Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Elastic Neck Exoskeleton for Persons with Dropped Head Syndrome

Nonsurgical treatment of Dropped Head Syndrome (DHS) incurs the use of collar-type orthoses that immobilize the neck and cause discomfort and sores under the chin. Articulated orthoses have the potential to support the head posture while allowing partial mobility of the neck and reduced discomfort and sores. This work presents the design, modeling, development, and characterization of a novel multi-degree-of-freedom elastic mechanism designed for neck support. This new type of elastic mechanism allows the bending of the head in the sagittal and coronal planes, and head rotations in the transverse plane. From these articulate movements, the mechanism generates moments that restore the head and neck to the upright posture, thus compensating for the muscle weakness caused by DHS. The experimental results show adherence to the empirical characterization of the elastic mechanism under flexion to the model-based calculations. A neck support orthosis prototype based on the proposed mechanism is presented, which enables the three before-mentioned head motions of a healthy participant, according to the results of preliminary tests.