A Two-Level Stochastic Model for the Lateral Movement of Vehicles Within Their Lane Under Homogeneous Traffic Conditions

The lateral position of vehicles within their lane is a decisive factor for the range of vision of vehicle sensors. This, in turn, is crucial for a vehicle's ability to perceive its environment and gain a high situational awareness by processing the collected information. When aiming for increasing levels of vehicle autonomy, this situational awareness becomes more and more important. Thus, when validating an autonomous driving function the representativeness of the submicroscopic behavior such as the lateral offset has to be ensured. With simulations being an essential part of the validation of autonomous driving functions, models describing these phenomena are required. Possible applications are the enhancement of microscopic traffic simulations and the maneuver-based approach for scenario-based testing. This paper presents a two-level stochastic approach to model the lateral movement of vehicles within their lane during road-following maneuvers under homogeneous traffic conditions. A Markov model generates the coarse lateral offset profile. It is superposed with a noise model for the fine movements. Both models are set up using real-world data. The evaluation of the model shows promising qualitative and quantitative results, the potential for enhancements and extreme low computation times (10000 times faster than real time).

Literature Review on Maneuver-Based Scenario Description for Automated Driving Simulations

The increasing complexity of automated driving functions and their growing operational design domains imply more demanding requirements on their validation. Classical methods such as field tests or formal analyses are not sufficient anymore and need to be complemented by simulations. For simulations, the standard approach is scenario-based testing, as opposed to distance-based testing primarily performed in field tests. Currently, the time evolution of specific scenarios is mainly described using trajectories, which limit or at least hamper generalizations towards variations. As an alternative, maneuver-based approaches have been proposed. We shed light on the state of the art and available foundations for this new method through a literature review of early and recent works related to maneuver-based scenario description. It includes related modeling approaches originally developed for other applications. Current limitations and research gaps are identified.

A Joint Approach Towards Data-Driven Virtual Testing for Automated Driving: The AVEAS Project

With growing complexity and responsibility of automated driving functions in road traffic and growing scope of their operational design domains, there is increasing demand for covering significant parts of development, validation, and verification via virtual environments and simulation models. If, however, simulations are meant not only to augment real-world experiments, but to replace them, quantitative approaches are required that measure to what degree and under which preconditions simulation models adequately represent reality, and thus allow their usage for virtual testing of driving functions. Especially in research and development areas related to the safety impacts of the "open world", there is a significant shortage of real-world data to parametrize and/or validate simulations - especially with respect to the behavior of human traffic participants, whom automated vehicles will meet in mixed traffic. This paper presents the intermediate results of the German AVEAS research project (www.aveas.org) which aims at developing methods and metrics for the harmonized, systematic, and scalable acquisition of real-world data for virtual verification and validation of advanced driver assistance systems and automated driving, and establishing an online database following the FAIR principles.

An Approach to Systematic Data Acquisition and Data-Driven Simulation for the Safety Testing of Automated Driving Functions

With growing complexity and criticality of automated driving functions in road traffic and their operational design domains (ODD), there is increasing demand for covering significant proportions of development, validation, and verification in virtual environments and through simulation models. If, however, simulations are meant not only to augment real-world experiments, but to replace them, quantitative approaches are required that measure to what degree and under which preconditions simulation models adequately represent reality, and thus, using their results accordingly. Especially in R&D areas related to the safety impact of the "open world", there is a significant shortage of real-world data to parameterize and/or validate simulations - especially with respect to the behavior of human traffic participants, whom automated driving functions will meet in mixed traffic. We present an approach to systematically acquire data in public traffic by heterogeneous means, transform it into a unified representation, and use it to automatically parameterize traffic behavior models for use in data-driven virtual validation of automated driving functions.