Data Assetization via Resources-decoupled Federated Learning

With the development of the digital economy, data is increasingly recognized as an essential resource for both work and life. However, due to privacy concerns, data owners tend to maximize the value of data through information flow rather than direct data transfer. Federated learning (FL) provides an effective approach to collaborative training models while preserving privacy. However, different data owners not only have variations in the quantity and quality of their data resources but also face mismatches between data and computing resources as model parameters and training data grow. These challenges hinder data owners' willingness to participate and reduce the effectiveness of data assetization. In this work, we first identify the resource-decoupled FL environment, which includes model owners, data owners, and computing centers. We design a Tripartite Stackelberg Model and theoretically analyze the Stackelberg-Nash Equilibrium (SNE) for participants to optimize global utility. We propose the Quality-aware Dynamic Resources-decoupled FL algorithm (QD-RDFL), in which we derive and solve the optimal strategies of all parties to achieve SHE using backward induction, and a dynamic optimization mechanism is designed to improve the optimal strategy profile by evaluating the contribution of data quality from data owners to the global model during real training. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our method effectively encourages the linkage of the three parties involved, maximizing global utility and data asset value.