Robotic Control of the Deformation of Soft Linear Objects Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

This paper proposes a new control framework for manipulating soft objects. A Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approach is used to make the shape of a deformable object reach a set of desired points by controlling a robotic arm which manipulates it. Our framework is more easily generalizable than existing ones: it can work directly with different initial and desired final shapes without need for relearning. We achieve this by using learning parallelization, i.e., executing multiple agents in parallel on various environment instances. We focus our study on deformable linear objects. These objects are interesting in industrial and agricultural domains, yet their manipulation with robots, especially in 3D workspaces, remains challenging. We simulate the entire environment, i.e., the soft object and the robot, for the training and the testing using PyBullet and OpenAI Gym. We use a combination of state-of-the-art DRL techniques, the main ingredient being a training approach for the learning agent (i.e., the robot) based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG). Our simulation results support the usefulness and enhanced generality of the proposed approach.

Multi Actor-Critic DDPG for Robot Action Space Decomposition: A Framework to Control Large 3D Deformation of Soft Linear Objects

Robotic manipulation of deformable linear objects (DLOs) has great potential for applications in diverse fields such as agriculture or industry. However, a major challenge lies in acquiring accurate deformation models that describe the relationship between robot motion and DLO deformations. Such models are difficult to calculate analytically and vary among DLOs. Consequently, manipulating DLOs poses significant challenges, particularly in achieving large deformations that require highly accurate global models. To address these challenges, this paper presents MultiAC6: a new multi Actor-Critic framework for robot action space decomposition to control large 3D deformations of DLOs. In our approach, two deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents orient and position a robot gripper to deform a DLO into the desired shape. Unlike previous DRL-based studies, MultiAC6 is able to solve the sim-to-real gap, achieving large 3D deformations up to 40 cm in real-world settings. Experimental results also show that MultiAC6 has a 66\% higher success rate than a single-agent approach. Further experimental studies demonstrate that MultiAC6 generalizes well, without retraining, to DLOs with different lengths or materials.