CNN Autoencoder Resizer: A Power-Efficient LoS/NLoS Detector in MIMO-enabled UAV Networks

Optimizing the design, performance, and resource efficiency of wireless networks (WNs) necessitates the ability to discern Line of Sight (LoS) and Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) scenarios across diverse applications and environments. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) exhibit significant potential in this regard due to their rapid mobility, aerial capabilities, and payload characteristics. Particularly, UAVs can serve as vital non-terrestrial base stations (NTBS) in the event of terrestrial base station (TBS) failures or downtime. In this paper, we propose CNN autoencoder resizer (CAR) as a framework that improves the accuracy of LoS/NLoS detection without demanding extra power consumption. Our proposed method increases the mean accuracy of detecting LoS/NLoS signals from 66% to 86%, while maintaining consistent power consumption levels. In addition, the resolution provided by CAR shows that it can be employed as a preprocessing tool in other methods to enhance the quality of signals.

Information Modified K-Nearest Neighbor

In this research paper, we introduce a novel classification method aimed at improving the performance of the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm. Our approach leverages Mutual Information (MI) to enhance the significance of weights and draw inspiration from Shapley values, a concept originating from cooperative game theory, to refine value allocation. The fundamental concept underlying KNN is the classification of samples based on the majority thorough their k-nearest neighbors. While both the distances and labels of these neighbors are crucial, traditional KNN assigns equal weight to all samples and prevance considering the varying importance of each neighbor based on their distances and labels. In the proposed method, known as Information-Modified KNN (IMKNN), we address this issue by introducing a straightforward algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, it is compared with 7 contemporary variants of KNN, as well as the traditional KNN. Each of these variants exhibits its unique advantages and limitations. We conduct experiments on 12 widely-used datasets, assessing the methods' performance in terms of accuracy, precision and recall. Our study demonstrates that IMKNN consistently outperforms other methods across different datasets and criteria by highlighting its superior performance in various classification tasks. These findings underscore the potential of IMKNN as a valuable tool for enhancing the capabilities of the KNN algorithm in diverse applications.

Federated Learning: A Cutting-Edge Survey of the Latest Advancements and Applications

In the realm of machine learning (ML) systems featuring client-host connections, the enhancement of privacy security can be effectively achieved through federated learning (FL) as a secure distributed ML methodology. FL effectively integrates cloud infrastructure to transfer ML models onto edge servers using blockchain technology. Through this mechanism, it guarantees the streamlined processing and data storage requirements of both centralized and decentralized systems, with an emphasis on scalability, privacy considerations, and cost-effective communication. In current FL implementations, data owners locally train their models, and subsequently upload the outcomes in the form of weights, gradients, and parameters to the cloud for overall model aggregation. This innovation obviates the necessity of engaging Internet of Things (IoT) clients and participants to communicate raw and potentially confidential data directly with a cloud center. This not only reduces the costs associated with communication networks but also enhances the protection of private data. This survey conducts an analysis and comparison of recent FL applications, aiming to assess their efficiency, accuracy, and privacy protection. However, in light of the complex and evolving nature of FL, it becomes evident that additional research is imperative to address lingering knowledge gaps and effectively confront the forthcoming challenges in this field. In this study, we categorize recent literature into the following clusters: privacy protection, resource allocation, case study analysis, and applications. Furthermore, at the end of each section, we tabulate the open areas and future directions presented in the referenced literature, affording researchers and scholars an insightful view of the evolution of the field.