AI-Driven HSI: Multimodality, Fusion, Challenges, and the Deep Learning Revolution

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures spatial and spectral data, enabling analysis of features invisible to conventional systems. The technology is vital in fields such as weather monitoring, food quality control, counterfeit detection, healthcare diagnostics, and extending into defense, agriculture, and industrial automation at the same time. HSI has advanced with improvements in spectral resolution, miniaturization, and computational methods. This study provides an overview of the HSI, its applications, challenges in data fusion and the role of deep learning models in processing HSI data. We discuss how integration of multimodal HSI with AI, particularly with deep learning, improves classification accuracy and operational efficiency. Deep learning enhances HSI analysis in areas like feature extraction, change detection, denoising unmixing, dimensionality reduction, landcover mapping, data augmentation, spectral construction and super resolution. An emerging focus is the fusion of hyperspectral cameras with large language models (LLMs), referred as highbrain LLMs, enabling the development of advanced applications such as low visibility crash detection and face antispoofing. We also highlight key players in HSI industry, its compound annual growth rate and the growing industrial significance. The purpose is to offer insight to both technical and non-technical audience, covering HSI's images, trends, and future directions, while providing valuable information on HSI datasets and software libraries.

KoCoNovel: Annotated Dataset of Character Coreference in Korean Novels

In this paper, we present KoCoNovel, a novel character coreference dataset derived from Korean literary texts, complete with detailed annotation guidelines. Comprising 178K tokens from 50 modern and contemporary novels, KoCoNovel stands as one of the largest public coreference resolution corpora in Korean, and the first to be based on literary texts. KoCoNovel offers four distinct versions to accommodate a wide range of literary coreference analysis needs. These versions are designed to support perspectives of the omniscient author or readers, and to manage multiple entities as either separate or overlapping, thereby broadening its applicability. One of KoCoNovel's distinctive features is that 24% of all character mentions are single common nouns, lacking possessive markers or articles. This feature is particularly influenced by the nuances of Korean address term culture, which favors the use of terms denoting social relationships and kinship over personal names. In experiments with a BERT-based coreference model, we observe notable performance enhancements with KoCoNovel in character coreference tasks within literary texts, compared to a larger non-literary coreference dataset. Such findings underscore KoCoNovel's potential to significantly enhance coreference resolution models through the integration of Korean cultural and linguistic dynamics.

K-Act2Emo: Korean Commonsense Knowledge Graph for Indirect Emotional Expression

In many literary texts, emotions are indirectly conveyed through descriptions of actions, facial expressions, and appearances, necessitating emotion inference for narrative understanding. In this paper, we introduce K-Act2Emo, a Korean commonsense knowledge graph (CSKG) comprising 1,900 indirect emotional expressions and the emotions inferable from them. We categorize reasoning types into inferences in positive situations, inferences in negative situations, and inferences when expressions do not serve as emotional cues. Unlike existing CSKGs, K-Act2Emo specializes in emotional contexts, and experimental results validate its effectiveness for training emotion inference models. Significantly, the BART-based knowledge model fine-tuned with K-Act2Emo outperforms various existing Korean large language models, achieving performance levels comparable to GPT-4 Turbo.