An Improved Traditional Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Model

We present TMMLU+, a comprehensive dataset designed for the Traditional Chinese massive multitask language understanding dataset. TMMLU+ is a multiple-choice question-answering dataset with 66 subjects from elementary to professional level. Compared to its predecessor, TMMLU, TMMLU+ is six times larger and boasts a more balanced subject distribution. We included benchmark results in TMMLU+ from closed-source models and 24 open-weight Chinese large language models of parameters ranging from 1.8B to 72B. Our findings reveal that Traditional Chinese models still trail behind their Simplified Chinese counterparts. Additionally, current large language models have yet to outperform human performance in average scores. We publicly release our dataset and the corresponding benchmark source code.