Multi-modal Masked Siamese Network Improves Chest X-Ray Representation Learning

Self-supervised learning methods for medical images primarily rely on the imaging modality during pretraining. While such approaches deliver promising results, they do not leverage associated patient or scan information collected within Electronic Health Records (EHR). Here, we propose to incorporate EHR data during self-supervised pretraining with a Masked Siamese Network (MSN) to enhance the quality of chest X-ray representations. We investigate three types of EHR data, including demographic, scan metadata, and inpatient stay information. We evaluate our approach on three publicly available chest X-ray datasets, MIMIC-CXR, CheXpert, and NIH-14, using two vision transformer (ViT) backbones, specifically ViT-Tiny and ViT-Small. In assessing the quality of the representations via linear evaluation, our proposed method demonstrates significant improvement compared to vanilla MSN and state-of-the-art self-supervised learning baselines. Our work highlights the potential of EHR-enhanced self-supervised pre-training for medical imaging. The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/nyuad-cai/CXR-EHR-MSN

Self-supervised learning methods and applications in medical imaging analysis: A survey

The availability of high quality annotated medical imaging datasets is a major problem that collides with machine learning applications in the field of medical imaging analysis and impedes its advancement. Self-supervised learning is a recent training paradigm that enables learning robust representations without the need for human annotation which can be considered as an effective solution for the scarcity in annotated medical data. This article reviews the state-of-the-art research directions in self-supervised learning approaches for image data with concentration on their applications in the field of medical imaging analysis. The article covers a set of the most recent self-supervised learning methods from the computer vision field as they are applicable to the medical imaging analysis and categorize them as predictive, generative and contrastive approaches. Moreover, the article covers (40) of the most recent researches in the field of self-supervised learning in medical imaging analysis aiming at shedding the light on the recent innovation in the field. Ultimately, the article concludes with possible future research directions in the field.