Low-Density Spreading Design Based on an Algebraic Scheme for NOMA Systems

NOMA) technique based on an algebraic design is studied. We propose an improved low-density spreading (LDS) sequence design based on projective geometry. In terms of its bit error rate (BER) performance, our proposed improved LDS code set outperforms the existing LDS designs over the frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. We demonstrated that achieving the best BER depends on the minimum distance.