Chatting Up Attachment: Using LLMs to Predict Adult Bonds

Obtaining data in the medical field is challenging, making the adoption of AI technology within the space slow and high-risk. We evaluate whether we can overcome this obstacle with synthetic data generated by large language models (LLMs). In particular, we use GPT-4 and Claude 3 Opus to create agents that simulate adults with varying profiles, childhood memories, and attachment styles. These agents participate in simulated Adult Attachment Interviews (AAI), and we use their responses to train models for predicting their underlying attachment styles. We evaluate our models using a transcript dataset from 9 humans who underwent the same interview protocol, analyzed and labeled by mental health professionals. Our findings indicate that training the models using only synthetic data achieves performance comparable to training the models on human data. Additionally, while the raw embeddings from synthetic answers occupy a distinct space compared to those from real human responses, the introduction of unlabeled human data and a simple standardization allows for a closer alignment of these representations. This adjustment is supported by qualitative analyses and is reflected in the enhanced predictive accuracy of the standardized embeddings.

Probabilistic Modeling of Human Teams to Infer False Beliefs

We develop a probabilistic graphical model (PGM) for artificially intelligent (AI) agents to infer human beliefs during a simulated urban search and rescue (USAR) scenario executed in a Minecraft environment with a team of three players. The PGM approach makes observable states and actions explicit, as well as beliefs and intentions grounded by evidence about what players see and do over time. This approach also supports inferring the effect of interventions, which are vital if AI agents are to assist human teams. The experiment incorporates manipulations of players' knowledge, and the virtual Minecraft-based testbed provides access to several streams of information, including the objects in the players' field of view. The participants are equipped with a set of marker blocks that can be placed near room entrances to signal the presence or absence of victims in the rooms to their teammates. In each team, one of the members is given a different legend for the markers than the other two, which may mislead them about the state of the rooms; that is, they will hold a false belief. We extend previous works in this field by introducing ToMCAT, an AI agent that can reason about individual and shared mental states. We find that the players' behaviors are affected by what they see in their in-game field of view, their beliefs about the meaning of the markers, and their beliefs about which meaning the team decided to adopt. In addition, we show that ToMCAT's beliefs are consistent with the players' actions and that it can infer false beliefs with accuracy significantly better than chance and comparable to inferences made by human observers.