MUSTAN: Multi-scale Temporal Context as Attention for Robust Video Foreground Segmentation

Video foreground segmentation (VFS) is an important computer vision task wherein one aims to segment the objects under motion from the background. Most of the current methods are image-based, i.e., rely only on spatial cues while ignoring motion cues. Therefore, they tend to overfit the training data and don't generalize well to out-of-domain (OOD) distribution. To solve the above problem, prior works exploited several cues such as optical flow, background subtraction mask, etc. However, having a video data with annotations like optical flow is a challenging task. In this paper, we utilize the temporal information and the spatial cues from the video data to improve OOD performance. However, the challenge lies in how we model the temporal information given the video data in an interpretable way creates a very noticeable difference. We therefore devise a strategy that integrates the temporal context of the video in the development of VFS. Our approach give rise to deep learning architectures, namely MUSTAN1 and MUSTAN2 and they are based on the idea of multi-scale temporal context as an attention, i.e., aids our models to learn better representations that are beneficial for VFS. Further, we introduce a new video dataset, namely Indoor Surveillance Dataset (ISD) for VFS. It has multiple annotations on a frame level such as foreground binary mask, depth map, and instance semantic annotations. Therefore, ISD can benefit other computer vision tasks. We validate the efficacy of our architectures and compare the performance with baselines. We demonstrate that proposed methods significantly outperform the benchmark methods on OOD. In addition, the performance of MUSTAN2 is significantly improved on certain video categories on OOD data due to ISD.

AQUALLM: Audio Question Answering Data Generation Using Large Language Models

Audio Question Answering (AQA) constitutes a pivotal task in which machines analyze both audio signals and natural language questions to produce precise natural language answers. The significance of possessing high-quality, diverse, and extensive AQA datasets cannot be overstated when aiming for the precision of an AQA system. While there has been notable focus on developing accurate and efficient AQA models, the creation of high-quality, diverse, and extensive datasets for the specific task at hand has not garnered considerable attention. To address this challenge, this work makes several contributions. We introduce a scalable AQA data generation pipeline, denoted as the AQUALLM framework, which relies on Large Language Models (LLMs). This framework utilizes existing audio-caption annotations and incorporates state-of-the-art LLMs to generate expansive, high-quality AQA datasets. Additionally, we present three extensive and high-quality benchmark datasets for AQA, contributing significantly to the progression of AQA research. AQA models trained on the proposed datasets set superior benchmarks compared to the existing state-of-the-art. Moreover, models trained on our datasets demonstrate enhanced generalizability when compared to models trained using human-annotated AQA data. Code and datasets will be accessible on GitHub~\footnote{\url{https://github.com/swarupbehera/AQUALLM}}.