Explanation-Driven Interventions for Artificial Intelligence Model Customization: Empowering End-Users to Tailor Black-Box AI in Rhinocytology

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern society is heavily shifting the way that individuals carry out their tasks and activities. Employing AI-based systems raises challenges that designers and developers must address to ensure that humans remain in control of the interaction process, particularly in high-risk domains. This article presents a novel End-User Development (EUD) approach for black-box AI models through a redesigned user interface in the Rhino-Cyt platform, a medical AI-based decision-support system for medical professionals (more precisely, rhinocytologists) to carry out cell classification. The proposed interface empowers users to intervene in AI decision-making process by editing explanations and reconfiguring the model, influencing its future predictions. This work contributes to Human-Centered AI (HCAI) and EUD by discussing how explanation-driven interventions allow a blend of explainability, user intervention, and model reconfiguration, fostering a symbiosis between humans and user-tailored AI systems.