Modelling Spatio-Temporal Interactions for Compositional Action Recognition

Humans have the natural ability to recognize actions even if the objects involved in the action or the background are changed. Humans can abstract away the action from the appearance of the objects and their context which is referred to as compositionality of actions. Compositional action recognition deals with imparting human-like compositional generalization abilities to action-recognition models. In this regard, extracting the interactions between humans and objects forms the basis of compositional understanding. These interactions are not affected by the appearance biases of the objects or the context. But the context provides additional cues about the interactions between things and stuff. Hence we need to infuse context into the human-object interactions for compositional action recognition. To this end, we first design a spatial-temporal interaction encoder that captures the human-object (things) interactions. The encoder learns the spatio-temporal interaction tokens disentangled from the background context. The interaction tokens are then infused with contextual information from the video tokens to model the interactions between things and stuff. The final context-infused spatio-temporal interaction tokens are used for compositional action recognition. We show the effectiveness of our interaction-centric approach on the compositional Something-Else dataset where we obtain a new state-of-the-art result of 83.8% top-1 accuracy outperforming recent important object-centric methods by a significant margin. Our approach of explicit human-object-stuff interaction modeling is effective even for standard action recognition datasets such as Something-Something-V2 and Epic-Kitchens-100 where we obtain comparable or better performance than state-of-the-art.

Interaction Visual Transformer for Egocentric Action Anticipation

Human-object interaction is one of the most important visual cues that has not been explored for egocentric action anticipation. We propose a novel Transformer variant to model interactions by computing the change in the appearance of objects and human hands due to the execution of the actions and use those changes to refine the video representation. Specifically, we model interactions between hands and objects using Spatial Cross-Attention (SCA) and further infuse contextual information using Trajectory Cross-Attention to obtain environment-refined interaction tokens. Using these tokens, we construct an interaction-centric video representation for action anticipation. We term our model InAViT which achieves state-of-the-art action anticipation performance on large-scale egocentric datasets EPICKTICHENS100 (EK100) and EGTEA Gaze+. InAViT outperforms other visual transformer-based methods including object-centric video representation. On the EK100 evaluation server, InAViT is the top-performing method on the public leaderboard (at the time of submission) where it outperforms the second-best model by 3.3% on mean-top5 recall.