Load Balanced ISAC Systems for URLLC Users

This paper presents an energy-efficient downlink cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network that serves ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) users while simultaneously detecting a target. We propose a load-balancing algorithm that minimizes the total network power consumption; including transmit power, fixed static power, and traffic-dependent fronthaul power at the access points (APs) without degrading system performance. To this end, we formulate a mixed-integer non-convex optimization problem and introduce an iterative joint power allocation and AP load balancing (JPALB) algorithm. The algorithm aims to reduce total power usage while meeting both the communication quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of URLLC users and the sensing QoS needed for target detection. Proposed JPALB algorithm for ISAC systems was simulated with maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) and regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoders. Simulation results show approximately 33% reduction in power consumption, using JPALB algorithm compared to a baseline with no load balancing, without compromising communication and sensing QoS requirements.

Target Detection for OTFS-Aided Cell-Free MIMO ISAC System

This letter focuses on enhancing target detection performance for a multi-user integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system using orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS)-aided cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology in high-speed vehicular environments. We propose a sensing-centric (SC) approach for target detection using communication signals with or without sensing signals. Power allocation is optimized to maximize the sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the proposed SC scheme while ensuring a required quality-of-service (QoS) for the communication user equipment (UEs), and adhering to each access points (APs) power budget. Numerical results show that the proposed SC scheme vastly outperforms a communication-centric method that minimizes the total power consumed at the APs subject to the same constraints.