Vehicle Detection and Classification without Residual Calculation: Accelerating HEVC Image Decoding with Random Perturbation Injection

In the field of video analytics, particularly traffic surveillance, there is a growing need for efficient and effective methods for processing and understanding video data. Traditional full video decoding techniques can be computationally intensive and time-consuming, leading researchers to explore alternative approaches in the compressed domain. This study introduces a novel random perturbation-based compressed domain method for reconstructing images from High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) bitstreams, specifically designed for traffic surveillance applications. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first to propose substituting random perturbations for residual values, creating a condensed representation of the original image while retaining information relevant to video understanding tasks, particularly focusing on vehicle detection and classification as key use cases. By not using residual data, our proposed method significantly reduces the data needed in the image reconstruction process, allowing for more efficient storage and transmission of information. This is particularly important when considering the vast amount of video data involved in surveillance applications. Applied to the public BIT-Vehicle dataset, we demonstrate a significant increase in the reconstruction speed compared to the traditional full decoding approach, with our proposed method being approximately 56% faster than the pixel domain method. Additionally, we achieve a detection accuracy of 99.9%, on par with the pixel domain method, and a classification accuracy of 96.84%, only 0.98% lower than the pixel domain method. Furthermore, we showcase the significant reduction in data size, leading to more efficient storage and transmission. Our research establishes the potential of compressed domain methods in traffic surveillance applications, where speed and data size are critical factors.