AI-assisted Gaze Detection for Proctoring Online Exams

For high-stakes online exams, it is important to detect potential rule violations to ensure the security of the test. In this study, we investigate the task of detecting whether test takers are looking away from the screen, as such behavior could be an indication that the test taker is consulting external resources. For asynchronous proctoring, the exam videos are recorded and reviewed by the proctors. However, when the length of the exam is long, it could be tedious for proctors to watch entire exam videos to determine the exact moments when test takers look away. We present an AI-assisted gaze detection system, which allows proctors to navigate between different video frames and discover video frames where the test taker is looking in similar directions. The system enables proctors to work more effectively to identify suspicious moments in videos. An evaluation framework is proposed to evaluate the system against human-only and ML-only proctoring, and a user study is conducted to gather feedback from proctors, aiming to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system.

Human-in-the-Loop AI for Cheating Ring Detection

Online exams have become popular in recent years due to their accessibility. However, some concerns have been raised about the security of the online exams, particularly in the context of professional cheating services aiding malicious test takers in passing exams, forming so-called "cheating rings". In this paper, we introduce a human-in-the-loop AI cheating ring detection system designed to detect and deter these cheating rings. We outline the underlying logic of this human-in-the-loop AI system, exploring its design principles tailored to achieve its objectives of detecting cheaters. Moreover, we illustrate the methodologies used to evaluate its performance and fairness, aiming to mitigate the unintended risks associated with the AI system. The design and development of the system adhere to Responsible AI (RAI) standards, ensuring that ethical considerations are integrated throughout the entire development process.