Content negotiation on the Web: State of the art

The openness and accessibility of the Web has contributed greatly to its worldwide adoption. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) are used for resource identification on the Web. A resource on the Web can be described in many ways, which makes it difficult for a user to find an adequate representation. This situation has motivated fruitful research on content negotiation to satisfy user requirements efficiently and effectively. We focus on the important topic of content negotiation, and our goal is to present the first comprehensive state of the art. Our contributions include (1) identifying the characteristics of content negotiation scenarios (styles, dimensions, and means of conveying constraints), (2) comparing and classifying existing contributions, (3) identifying use cases that the current state of content negotiation struggles to address, (4) suggesting research directions for future work. The results of the state of the art show that the problem of content negotiation is relevant and far from being solved.

ILexicOn: toward an ECD-compliant interlingual lexical ontology described with semantic web formalisms

We are interested in bridging the world of natural language and the world of the semantic web in particular to support natural multilingual access to the web of data. In this paper we introduce a new type of lexical ontology called interlingual lexical ontology (ILexicOn), which uses semantic web formalisms to make each interlingual lexical unit class (ILUc) support the projection of its semantic decomposition on itself. After a short overview of existing lexical ontologies, we briefly introduce the semantic web formalisms we use. We then present the three layered architecture of our approach: i) the interlingual lexical meta-ontology (ILexiMOn); ii) the ILexicOn where ILUcs are formally defined; iii) the data layer. We illustrate our approach with a standalone ILexicOn, and introduce and explain a concise human-readable notation to represent ILexicOns. Finally, we show how semantic web formalisms enable the projection of a semantic decomposition on the decomposed ILUc.