Deep Learning Frameworks for Cognitive Radio Networks: Review and Open Research Challenges

Deep learning has been proven to be a powerful tool for addressing the most significant issues in cognitive radio networks, such as spectrum sensing, spectrum sharing, resource allocation, and security attacks. The utilization of deep learning techniques in cognitive radio networks can significantly enhance the network's capability to adapt to changing environments and improve the overall system's efficiency and reliability. As the demand for higher data rates and connectivity increases, B5G/6G wireless networks are expected to enable new services and applications significantly. Therefore, the significance of deep learning in addressing cognitive radio network challenges cannot be overstated. This review article provides valuable insights into potential solutions that can serve as a foundation for the development of future B5G/6G services. By leveraging the power of deep learning, cognitive radio networks can pave the way for the next generation of wireless networks capable of meeting the ever-increasing demands for higher data rates, improved reliability, and security.

Sustainable Satellite Communications in the 6G Era: A European View for Multi-Layer Systems and Space Safety

During the New Space era small countries are also becoming more important players in the space business. While the space activities are rapidly increasing, it is important to make operations in a sustainable and safe way in order to preserve satellite services for future generations. In this survey paper, we discuss the multi-layer networking approaches in the 6G era specifically from the sustainability perspective. We review the most important regulations and international guidelines and revisit a three-dimensional architecture vision to support the sustainability target for a variety of application areas. We then classify and discuss space safety paradigms that are important sustainability enablers of future satellite communications. These include space traffic management, debris detection, environmental impacts, spectrum sharing, and cyber security aspects. The paper discusses also advances towards a planned European connectivity constellation that could become a third flagship infrastructure along with Galileo and Copernicus systems. Finally, we define potential research directions towards the 2030s.