Quantitative Evaluation of MILs' Reliability For WSIs Classification

Reliable models are dependable and provide predictions acceptable given basic domain knowledge. Therefore, it is critical to develop and deploy reliable models, especially for healthcare applications. However, Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) models designed for Whole Slide Images (WSIs) classification in computational pathology are not evaluated in terms of reliability. Hence, in this paper we compare the reliability of MIL models with three suggested metrics and use three region-wise annotated datasets. We find the mean pooling instance (MEAN-POOL-INS) model more reliable than other networks despite its naive architecture design and computation efficiency. The code to reproduce the results is accessible at https://github.com/tueimage/MILs'R .

Multi-head Attention-based Deep Multiple Instance Learning

This paper introduces MAD-MIL, a Multi-head Attention-based Deep Multiple Instance Learning model, designed for weakly supervised Whole Slide Images (WSIs) classification in digital pathology. Inspired by the multi-head attention mechanism of the Transformer, MAD-MIL simplifies model complexity while achieving competitive results against advanced models like CLAM and DS-MIL. Evaluated on the MNIST-BAGS and public datasets, including TUPAC16, TCGA BRCA, TCGA LUNG, and TCGA KIDNEY, MAD-MIL consistently outperforms ABMIL. This demonstrates enhanced information diversity, interpretability, and efficiency in slide representation. The model's effectiveness, coupled with fewer trainable parameters and lower computational complexity makes it a promising solution for automated pathology workflows. Our code is available at https://github.com/tueimage/MAD-MIL.