Instance-level loss based multiple-instance learning for acoustic scene classification

In acoustic scene classification (ASC) task, an acoustic scene consists of diverse attributes and is inferred by identifying combinations of some distinct attributes among them. This study aims to extract and cluster these attributes effectively using a multiple-instance learning (MIL) framework for ASC. MIL, known as one of the weakly supervised learning methods, is a way to extract instances from input data and infer a scene corresponding to the input data with those unlabeled instances. We develop the MIL framework more suitable for ASC systems, adopting instance-level labels and instance-level loss, which are effective in extracting and clustering instances. As a result, the witness rate increases significantly compared to the framework without instance-level loss and labels. Also in several MIL-based ASC systems, the classification accuracy improves by about 5 to 11% than without instance-level loss. In addition, we designed a fully separated convolutional module which is a low-complexity neural network consisting of pointwise, frequency-sided depthwise, and temporal-sided depthwise convolutional filters. Considering both complexity and performance, our proposed system is more practical compared to previous systems on the DCASE 2019 challenge task 1-A leader board. We surpassed the third-place model by achieving a performance of 82.3\% with only the model complexity of 417K, which is at least 40 times fewer than other systems.