Verification of Neural Network Behaviour: Formal Guarantees for Power System Applications

This paper presents for the first time, to our knowledge, a framework for verifying neural network behavior in power systems applications. Up to this moment, neural networks have been applied in power systems as a black-box; this has presented a major barrier for their adoption in practice. Developing a rigorous framework based on mixed integer linear programming, our methods can determine the range of inputs that neural networks classify as safe or unsafe, and are able to identify adversarial examples. Such methods have the potential to build the missing trust of power system operators on neural networks, and unlock a series of new applications in power systems. This paper presents the main theoretical framework and addresses concerns related to scalability and accuracy. We demonstrate our methods on the IEEE 9-bus, 14-bus, and 162-bus systems, treating both N-1 security and small-signal stability.