Control Barrier Functions in Dynamic UAVs for Kinematic Obstacle Avoidance: A Collision Cone Approach

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), specifically quadrotors, have revolutionized various industries with their maneuverability and versatility, but their safe operation in dynamic environments heavily relies on effective collision avoidance techniques. This paper introduces a novel technique for safely navigating a quadrotor along a desired route while avoiding kinematic obstacles. The proposed approach employs control barrier functions and utilizes collision cones to ensure that the quadrotor's velocity and the obstacle's velocity always point away from each other. In particular, we propose a new constraint formulation that ensures that the relative velocity between the quadrotor and the obstacle always avoids a cone of vectors that may lead to a collision. By showing that the proposed constraint is a valid control barrier function (CBFs) for quadrotors, we are able to leverage on its real-time implementation via Quadratic Programs (QPs), called the CBF-QPs. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed CBF-QPs by demonstrating collision avoidance with moving obstacles under multiple scenarios. This is shown in the pybullet simulator.Furthermore we compare the proposed approach with CBF-QPs shown in literature, especially the well-known higher order CBF-QPs (HO-CBF-QPs), where in we show that it is more conservative compared to the proposed approach. This comparison also shown in simulation in detail.