Swap It Like Its Hot: Segmentation-based spoof attacks on eye-tracking images

Video-based eye trackers capture the iris biometric and enable authentication to secure user identity. However, biometric authentication is susceptible to spoofing another user's identity through physical or digital manipulation. The current standard to identify physical spoofing attacks on eye-tracking sensors uses liveness detection. Liveness detection classifies gaze data as real or fake, which is sufficient to detect physical presentation attacks. However, such defenses cannot detect a spoofing attack when real eye image inputs are digitally manipulated to swap the iris pattern of another person. We propose IrisSwap as a novel attack on gaze-based liveness detection. IrisSwap allows attackers to segment and digitally swap in a victim's iris pattern to fool iris authentication. Both offline and online attacks produce gaze data that deceives the current state-of-the-art defense models at rates up to 58% and motivates the need to develop more advanced authentication methods for eye trackers.